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- Keisu, Britt-Inger, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual Harassment and Gender-based Violence : A Study of Staff and Students at Umeå University
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexual harassment and other forms of offensive behaviour are serious problems within academia. They affect students and staff alike and are found in all disciplines. In this study, we consider the various forms and expressions of harassment. In addition to sexual harassment, this includes bullying, cyberbullying, victimisation and incivility, all of which we examine under the umbrella term gender-based violence. The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of and analyse the corelation between sexual harassment, and other forms of gender-based violence, and the work environment and health of staff and students at Umeå University. The report is based on a national study of the prevalence of sexual harassment in academia conducted within the framework of The Research and Collaboration Programme on Gender-based Violence. In answer to a direct question regarding whether the respondent had been subjected to unwanted sexual attention in their place of work/study, 2.2% of staff and 6.4% of students replied in the affirmative. Among women, prevalence is higher among female students than female employees, with 7% of this group having been subjected to such behaviour, and the same is true of men, with more male students (5.5%) reporting incidents. When the question of sexual harassment is broken down into specific situations and acts, the figure increases significantly, with as many as 51% of female employees and 29% of men stating that they had experienced at least one of the specified situations. Notably, levels among female employees of Umeå University are significantly higher than the figure for the Swedish higher education sector as a whole. The corresponding figure for students at Umeå University is, however, lower than the national average for the higher education sector, with 16% of women and 9% of men responding in the affirmative. There are also notable disparities between the sexes with regard to bullying, with twice as many women as men reporting problems, and reporting a higher frequency of offences. However, bullying is reported to a greater extent by male than female students. There are also gender disparities in incivility, with significantly more female employees reporting incidents than men. Sexism in the form of sexual harassment and gender-based violence can of course be understood as a means of academic reproduction; i.e., as one of the components that maintains and recreates the various structures, hierarchies and gender-inequitable workplaces in academia. As this study makes clear, sexual harassment and gender-based violence create a systematic and recurring pattern of unwelcome events that can be understood as institutional mechanisms and behaviours that risk being normalised. This also produces other problems in addition to gender inequality. In the study, we find clear correlations for both staff and students between sexual harassment and other forms of gender-based violence and experiences of the psychosocial and organisational work environment and health.
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| 2. |
- Keisu, Britt-Inger, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexuella trakasserier och genusbaserad utsatthet : En studie bland anställda och studenter vid Umeå universitet
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexuella trakasserier och andra typer av kränkande beteenden är allvarliga problem inom akademin. Det drabbar både studenter och anställda och förekommer inom alla discipliner. I denna studie tar vi hänsyn till utsatthetens olika former och uttryck genom att förutom sexuella trakasserier inkludera förekomst av mobbning, nätmobbning, kränkande särbehandling och ohövligt beteende under samlingsnamnet ’genusbaserad utsatthet’. Syftet med denna rapport är att beskriva förekomst av, och analysera samband mellan, sexuella trakasserier och andra former av genusbaserad utsatthet, samt arbetsmiljö och hälsa bland anställda och studenter vid Umeå universitet. Till grund för denna rapport ligger en nationell prevalensstudie om sexuella trakasserier i akademin som genomfördes inom ramen för Forsknings- och samverkansprogrammet om sexuella trakasserier och genusbaserad utsatthet. På en direkt fråga om respondenten blivit utsatt för icke önskvärd sexuell uppmärksamhet på sitt arbete/sin studieplats så rapporterar totalt 2,2 procent av de anställda och 6,4 procent av studenter att de blivit utsatta. Prevalensen är högre bland kvinnorna i gruppen studenter där 7 procent har utsatts och dessutom är utsatta män (5,5 procent) vanligare bland studenter jämfört med anställda. När frågan om sexuella trakasserier istället bryts ner i frågor om konkreta situationer och handlingar stiger siffrorna betydligt, uppemot hela 51 procent för anställda kvinnor svarade jakande på om de utsatts för minst en av de uppräknade situationerna och 29 procent av männen svarade också ja på dessa frågor. Noterbart här är att nivåerna för anställda kvinnor vid Umeå universitet är betydligt högre i jämförelse med högskolesektorn som helhet. Vad gäller studenterna så är motsvarande siffror vid Umeå universitet dock lägre jämfört med högskolesektorn som helhet, vid frågor om konkreta situationer och handlingar, 16 procent för kvinnorna och 9 procent för männen. Könsskillnader är även noterbara i avseende på mobbning, där andelen anställda som utsatts för mobbning är dubbelt så stor bland kvinnorna jämfört med männen samt att kvinnorna rapporterar högre frekvens. Bland studenterna rapporterar dock män en högre utsatthet vad gäller mobbning. Det finns även könsskillnader kring ohövligt beteende där betydligt fler bland de anställda kvinnorna rapporterar utsatthet jämfört med männen. Sexism i form av sexuella trakasserier och genusbaserad utsatthet kan förstås som ett medel för akademins reproduktion, det vill säga, som en utav de beståndsdelar som upprätthåller och återskapar akademins olika strukturer, hierarkier och ojämlika arbetsplatser. I denna studie blir det tydligt att sexuella trakasserier och genusbaserad utsatthet skapar ett systematiskt och upprepat mönster av ovälkomna händelser. Det kan förstås som institutionella mekanismer och beteenden som härigenom riskerar att normaliseras. Förutom ojämlikhet finns här även andra problem som produceras. I studien finns för både anställda och studenter tydliga samband mellan sexuella trakasserier, de andra formerna av genusbaserad utsatthet och upplevelsen av psykosocial och organisatorisk arbetsmiljö samt hälsa.
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| 4. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic bereavement, acute dissociation, and posttraumatic stress : 14 years after the MS Estonia disaster
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 24:2, s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective longitudinal study aimed to examine posttraumatic stress in survivors 14 years after a ferry disaster, and estimate short- and long-term changes in stress associated with traumatic bereavement and acute dissociation. There were 852 people who perished in the disaster, 137 survived. The 51 Swedish survivors were surveyed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) at 3 months, 1, 3, and 14 years (response rates 82%, 65%, 51%, and 69%). Symptoms decreased from 3 months to 1 year; no change was found thereafter. After 14 years, 27% reported significant symptoms. Traumatic bereavement, but not acute dissociation, was associated with long-term symptom elevation. Chronic posttraumatic stress can persist in a minority of survivors, and traumatic bereavement appears to hinder recovery.
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| 7. |
- D'Elia, Domenica, et al.
(författare)
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The 20th anniversary of EMBnet : 20 years of bioinformatics for the Life Sciences community
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - 1471-2105. ; 10:Suppl. 6, s. S1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EMBnet Conference 2008, focusing on 'Leading Applications and Technologies in Bioinformatics', was organized by the European Molecular Biology network (EMBnet) to celebrate its 20th anniversary. Since its foundation in 1988, EMBnet has been working to promote collaborative development of bioinformatics services and tools to serve the European community of molecular biology laboratories. This conference was the first meeting organized by the network that was open to the international scientific community outside EMBnet. The conference covered a broad range of research topics in bioinformatics with a main focus on new achievements and trends in emerging technologies supporting genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses such as high-throughput sequencing and data managing, text and data-mining, ontologies and Grid technologies. Papers selected for publication, in this supplement to BMC Bioinformatics, cover a broad range of the topics treated, providing also an overview of the main bioinformatics research fields that the EMBnet community is involved in.
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| 8. |
- Keisu, Britt-Inger, 1968-
(författare)
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Att peka med hela handen : Om arbetsvillkor och kön bland första linjens chefer
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historically, leadership research has focused on managers’ characteristics and behavior, their leadership style and its implications for a business’s success. In contrast, this dissertation examines how working conditions in the workplace affect first-level managers’ everyday work, their possibilities to practice leadership, and consequently their leadership style. The theoretical framework guiding the dissertation is a gender analysis with a doing gender perspective and the methodology is a case study. Two workplace organizations in a Swedish municipality are studied: a male-dominated manufacturing industry and a female-dominated elderly care service. The empirical materials consist of twenty-six semi-structured interviews, primarily with male and female first-level managers, but also with their immediate supervisors. In addition, the materials include a questionnaire and organizational documents. The results show that organizational structure and culture have implications for managers’ working conditions and consequently the leadership style they are willing and able to implement. The sex ratio among employees did not have any implications for which type of leadership informants described in their everyday practices. The ideal leadership and the everyday leadership practices portrayed by informants entail being explicit, controlling and rational managers who are able to make decisions and carry forth extensive structural changes. Their narratives reveal an authoritarian and task-oriented leadership style that has its roots in early industrialism. Leadership is strongly marked by masculinity, and even though women and men describe practicing the same type of leadership in their everyday work, their ideas about gender depict two complete opposites in which women and femininity is subordinated to men and masculinity. This indicates a divergence between the gender we think and the gender we do. Nonetheless, sex ratio among employees has implications for the level of sexism. While informants in both workplace organizations described gender discrimination, only those in the manufacturing industry described experiencing sexual harassment.
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| 9. |
- Sperber, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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RetroTector online, a rational tool for analysis of retroviral elements in small and medium size vertebrate genomic sequences
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - 1471-2105. ; 10 Suppl 6, s. S4-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rapid accumulation of genomic information in databases necessitates rapid and specific algorithms for extracting biologically meaningful information. More or less complete retroviral sequences, also called proviral or endogenous retroviral sequences; ERVs, constitutes at least 5% of vertebrate genomes. After infecting the host, these retroviruses have integrated in germ line cells, and have then been carried in genomes for at least several 100 million years. A better understanding of structure and function of these sequences can have profound biological and medical consequences. METHODS: RetroTector (ReTe) is a platform-independent Java program for identification and characterization of proviral sequences in vertebrate genomes. The full ReTe requires a local installation with a MySQL database. Although not overly complicated, the installation may take some time. A "light" version of ReTe, (RetroTector online; ROL) which does not require specific installation procedures is provided, via the World Wide Web. RESULT: ROL http://www.fysiologi.neuro.uu.se/jbgs/ was implemented under the Batchelor web interface (A Lövgren et al). It allows both GenBank accession number, file and FASTA cut-and-paste admission of sequences (5 to 10,000 kilobases). Up to ten submissions can be done simultaneously, allowing batch analysis of
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| 10. |
- Tillberg, Anders, 1954-
(författare)
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A multidisciplinary risk assessment of dental restorative materials.
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amalgam has been used as a dental restorative material for centuries, but its potential health effects and biopersistance has lead to a decreased use especially in the Nordic countries. New materials have been introduced, partly to replace the mercury containing amalgam and partly because of esthetical reasons. The possible health effects of amalgam have been studied extensively and the material has been replaced with other less well-examined materials during the last few decades. The prevalence of side effects of dental materials is considered to be low in relation to the vast number of dental treatments undertaken. With the introduction of new and more complex materials, side effects related to dental treatment may increase. Epidemiological data suggest that the side effects of dental resins that have almost completely replaced amalgam fillings in Scandinavia, possess a risk for adverse reactions; however, the causal relation has not been fully established. Therefore, the type and extent of side effects caused by resin-based materials are of great interest. The aims of the study were: - to describe the change in health over time for patients with problems related to their dental materials. The hypothesis was that the patients could be divided into subgroups based on their symptoms and that the ability to recover differs between these groups [Paper I]. Furthermore, to determine whether factors such as the replacement of dental restorative materials and follow-up time had any impact on the perceived health. - to assess the long-term development of symptoms and their social consequences among patients referred for diagnosis and treatment of symptoms related to dental materials [Paper II] - to investigate the possible risks with dental restorative materials other than amalgam [Paper III]. - to describe side effects assessed to be caused by resin-based materials that occurred in a group of patients as well as treatment and long-term consequences of the reactions [Paper IV]. A questionnaire was sent to 614 patients [Paper I and II] that had been referred to the School of Dentistry, Umeå, Sweden, with symptoms allegedly caused by dental materials. The questionnaire contained questions on, among others; civil status, present health, medical and dental treatment and other measures and precautions taken because of psychosocial problems related to current employment situation, feelings, self-image and coping behavior. Moreover, information was collected [Paper III] from the Swedish Dental Materials Register 2003 (DentMr), a compilation of MSDS for 487 materials, and information from the user guide of the materials. The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) included in the DentMR were examined regarding the given composition of the products, the occurrence of CAS-numbers and the risk- and safety phrases of the substances. Information was collected [Paper IV] on 36 patients with reactions to resin-based restorative materials from the Swedish National Register of Side-Effects of Dental Materials. Patients with complex symptoms had a more unfavorable long-term prognosis concerning persistent complaints than those with local symptoms only. Furthermore, the results indicate that the patients might experience health improvements after removal of their dental restorative materials. However, the reason for this improvement was unclear. Replacement of dental restorative materials had no significant impact on the ability to recover completely. Our results also indicate a relationship between patients’ self-related health and social consequences in daily life. Those with remaining complex symptoms had more often stopped working or had decreased their work hours because of their symptoms The information about hazards with dental materials seems insufficiently described in MSDS and there might be materials with side effects unknown to both patients and dental professionals. A literature search indicated that some of the listed substances had possible hazards, e.g. substances with embryotoxic and neurotoxic potential. The patients were very heterogeneous; a few with only local symptom free reactions while other had more complex symptoms. The latter group would gain from a multidisciplinary approach, i.e. dental, medical, as well as social and psychological factors have to be considered when developing care management programs for this group of patients. Furthermore, there is a need for stronger regulations of dental materials, such as those applied to pharmaceutical drugs. Finally, it was found that the majority of symptoms suspected to be caused by resin-based materials were local or a combination of local and extra-oral symptoms that appeared within the first 24 hours after treatment. The most frequent adverse effect reported was skin problems/dermatitis. It appears as though immediate reactions to resin based materials are not uncommon and more prevalent than allergic reactions. Still, we have had, difficulties in verifying associations between the dental restorative materials and adverse reactions and also to identify the offending component.
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