| 1. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Charity, status, and optimal taxation : welfarist and non-welfarist approaches
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics. - : University of Chicago. - 2832-9368 .- 2832-9376.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes optimal taxation of charitable giving to a public good in a Mirrleesianframework with social comparisons. When there are no transaction costs of giving, charitablegiving should be subsidized to such an extent that government contributions are completelycrowded out, regardless of whether the government is welfarist or non-welfarist, in whichcase it does not acknowledge the warm glow of giving. Under welfarism, stronger concernsfor relative charitable giving support lower marginal subsidies, whereas relative consumptionconcerns work in the opposite direction. We also show that a simple flat-rate subsidy isoptimal under welfarism, while the marginal subsidy increases in income under nonwelfarism.
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| 2. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal redistributive charity
- 2024
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes optimal redistributive charitable giving in a Mirrleesian framework. The status motive behind charity, the stigma from receiving donations, and transaction costs all work to decrease the optimal marginal subsidies on redistributive charity. Because the existing empirical evidence of these effects (when available) is highly uncertain and context-dependent, the range of possible outcomes is large, and even includes the possibility that charitable giving should be taxed rather than subsidized. In a natural benchmark case, the optimal tax treatment of charitable giving is consistent with a simple tax credit, whereas pure tax deductions are never part of the optimal policy.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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How Much Liberty Should We Have? Citizens versus Experts on Regulating Externalities and Internalities
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on a tailor-made survey, we find that experts – academics and civil servants – are much more willing than citizens in Sweden to accept liberty-reducing regulations. Moreover, both citizens and experts are more supportive of regulating negative internalities (in terms of health) than negative externalities (in terms of climate change). While less liberty-reducing policy instruments receive more support, around 20 percent of citizens and experts support very intrusive measures such as non-transferable individual quotas for air travel and unhealthy foods. Both experts and citizens prefer encouraging to discouraging information provision, while experts are more positive than citizens to tax instruments
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| 4. |
- Denti, Leif, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Scarcity mindset among schoolteachers: how resource scarcity negatively impacts teachers' cognition and behaviors
- 2024
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent line of research investigates the negative cognitive effects - known as the scarcity mindset - that arise when people face a lack of resources. We expand on this research and show that these cognitive effects are present among Swedish schoolteachers facing a scarcity of time and social resources at work. From an initial interview study we developed novel survey scales to measure teachers' subjective assessments of available resources and the extent of their scarcity mindset. We then related resource scarcity of time and social resources to the scarcity mindset using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis in a survey study with a sample of Swedish schoolteachers. This research provides valuable insights for addressing resource constrained work environments in schools and contributes to the broader psychological research on cognitive effects resulting from resource scarcity.
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| 5. |
- Klint, Erik, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Pro-environmental behaviour is undermined by disgust sensitivity: The case of excessive laundering
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 19:6 June
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of laundry washed by European consumers has grown excessively for reasons that cannot be explained by demographics alone. Initiatives trying to curb this trend have repeatedly failed. Previous studies have largely overlooked the psychological dimensions of laundering behaviour. In three separate studies we investigate how disgust, shame, cleanliness norms and environmental identity, mediated through a set of preceding behaviours, affect washing frequency. Our results highlight how conflicting psychological goals between disgust sensitivity and pro-environmental identity can undermine willingness to change laundry behaviour. Policy recommendations are suggested, and future research challenges are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Leo, Ulf, Docent, universitetslektor, et al.
(författare)
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Principal ownership towards increased teaching quality : the Swedish case
- 2024
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Ingår i: How successful schools are more than effective. - : Springer. - 9783031627347 - 9783031627354 ; , s. 247-267
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden as in many other countries, there is increasing segregation due to students' socio–economic background. This study aims to identify and nuance what successful school principalship looks like in a school situated in a low socioeconomic area. The school has, for several years, had a high turnover of principals and teachers in combination with low academic results among students. The study seeks answers on how leadership promotes teacher quality, academic emphasis, and equity in the organization to turn around a school and make success sustainable. Studying a school with students who have not yet received high academic grades means we look for other signs of success. We used a mixed methods approach for interviews and a survey for teachers based on the revised ISSPP protocol. The first priority of the principal was to restructure the school day and introduce common pedagogical models to improve teaching. After two years in the organization, the principal is now taking ownership and creating an inclusive agenda. There are many ongoing complex processes in the school, where the principal’s energy and initiative is crucial. One concern is how the principal can go deeper and wider, sustaining the momentum.
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| 7. |
- Michaelsen, Patrik, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Experiencing default nudges: autonomy, manipulation, and choice-satisfaction as judged by people themselves
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioural Public Policy. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2398-063X .- 2398-0648. ; 8:1, s. 85-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Criticisms of nudging suggest that nudges infringe on decision makers’ autonomy. Yet, little empirical research has explored whether people who are subjected to nudges agree. In three between-group experiments (N = 2083), we subject participants to contrasting choice architectures and measure experiences of autonomy, choice-satisfaction, perceived threat to freedom of choice, and objection to the choice architecture. Participants who received a prosocial opt-out default nudge made more prosocial choices but did not report lower autonomy or choice satisfaction than participants in opt-in default or active-choice conditions. This was the case even when the presence of the nudge was disclosed, and when monetary choice stakes were introduced. With monetary choice stakes, participants perceived the threat to freedom of choice as slightly higher in the nudge condition than in the other conditions, but objection to the choice architecture did not differ between the conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that default nudges are less manipulative and autonomy-infringing than sometimes feared. We recommend that policymakers include measures of choice experiences when testing out new interventions.
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| 8. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Taxation and Other-Regarding Preferences
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present paper analyzes optimal redistributive income taxation in a Mirrleesian framework extended with other-regarding preferences at the individual level. We start by developing a general model where the other-regarding preference component of the utility functions is formulated to encompass almost any form of preferences for other people’s disposable income, and then continue with four prominent special cases. Two of these reflect self-centered inequality aversion, based on Fehr and Schmidt (1999) and Bolton and Ockenfels (2000), whereas the other two reflect non-self-centered inequality aversion, where people have preferences for a low Gini coefficient and a high minimum income level in society, respectively. We find that other-regarding preferences may substantially increase the marginal tax rates, including the top rates, and that different types of other-regarding preferences have very different implications for optimal taxation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptive social norms and resource cues influence choice by additive and separate effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 75:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Descriptive social norms have attracted much attention in social influence research. Regarding consumer choice, it is however unclear if, and to what extent, the influence of social norms is related to resource-state information. In two experiments, including 384 and 724 participants, respectively, we assess the unique and combined effects of these influences on both choice and preferences. Results showed consistent effects of descriptive social norms, influencing both choice and preferences across the two experiments. When a resource cue was provided in Experiment 1, a small non-significant difference compared to the control condition indicated that information about resource states might affect choice. This effect was replicated with statistical significance in Experiment 2. No effect of such a cue was detected on preferences in either experiment. Present results suggest that the effects of descriptive social norms and resource cues are independent and additive.
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