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- Jonéus, Paulina, et al.
(författare)
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Novel hormonal therapy versus standard of care : a registry-based comparative effectiveness evaluation for mCRPC-patients
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThis paper presents results from one of the few comparative effectiveness evaluations of novel antiandrogen medications (NHT) against standard of care (SoC) for patients suffering from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).MethodsThe design and the analysis are published in a protocol before accessing outcome data. Two groups of patients are balanced on hundreds of important covariates measured before the prostate cancer diagnosis and up to the date of the prescription. While the design yields balance on the observed covariates, one cannot discard the possibility that unobserved confounders are not balanced. The unconfoundedness assumption is assessed by estimating placebo regressions on two health measures, not included in the design but added together with the outcome data after protocol publication.ResultsWe find a substantial (64 percent) increase in mortality for patients prescribed with NHT rather than SoC. However, based on the results from one of the two placebo regressions, we cannot rule out that the difference in mortality may be due to confounding. Using a bounding strategy of the effect, we can, however, rule out that NHT reduces mortality compared to SoC. Under an empirical valid assumption that most mCRPC patients who die suffer from bone metastases, we have a strong indication of increased skeleton-related events in patients if prescribed NHT against SoC.ConclusionsGenerally, the SoC for this group of patients is docetaxel. Given the substantially higher costs of many of the NHT, the finding of no positive effects from NHT on both mortality and SRE is important. More comparative studies, including studies analysing quality of life outcomes, are thus needed.
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| 4. |
- Bach (Red), Lone-Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Katalysator
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Restaureringskonsten med sina långa tidsperspektiv är i sig hållbar, och den har betydande kunskap att tillföra dagens diskussion. Dess metoder stärker de kulturella och socialt engagerande processer som fler behöver vara delaktiga i för att gemensamt definiera vad som redan är – och som på sikt kommer att bli – vårt kulturarv. Arkitekturen berättar om förfluten tid, länkar ihop oss med tidigare generationer, skapar sammanhang och stabilitet. Den ger oss ramar för social interaktion, skapar tillhörighet till platser, samhörighet med andra människor och är identitetsskapande. I det perspektivet borde återbruk av byggnader och miljöer vara en självklar pusselbit i ett hållbart samhällsbyggande. Men fler behöver se det befintliga som resurser med hög potential, med målet att hitta lösningar för hur man på bästa sätt kan förändra och vidareutveckla utan att betydande värden går förlorade. Får behovet av omställning till ett mer hållbart samhällsbyggande konsekvenser för restaureringskonsten, eller kan dess metoder rent av vara en katalysator för att vidga och förändra vår syn på kunskapsfältet?
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| 5. |
- Bengtsdotter, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Katalysator : Restaureringskonst 2022–2023
- 2023
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restaureringskonsten med sina långa tidsperspektiv är i sig hållbar, och den har betydande kunskap att tillföra dagens diskussion. Dess metoder stärker de kulturella och socialt engagerande processer som fler behöver vara delaktiga i för att gemensamt definiera vad som redan är – och som på sikt kommer att bli – vårt kulturarv.Arkitekturen berätar om förfluten tid, länkar ihop oss med tidigare generationer, skapar sammanhang och stabiblitet. Den ger oss ramar för social interaktion, skapar tillhörighet till platser, samhörighet med andra människor och är identitetsskapande. I det perspektivet borde återbruk av byggnader och miljöer vara en självklar pusselbit i ett hållbart samhällsbyggande. Men fler behöver se det befintliga som resurser med hög potential, med målet att hitta lösningar för hur man på bästa sätt kan förändra och vidareutveckla utan att betydande värden går förlorade.Får behovet av omställning till ett mer hållbart samhällsbyggande konsekvenser för restaureringskonsten, eller kan dess metoder rent av vara en katalysator för att vidga och förändra vår syn på kunskapsfältet?
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| 7. |
- Enström Öst, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The consequences of the Swedish rent control system on labor income : Evidence from a randomized apartment lottery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a unique randomized rental apartment lottery in Stockholm metropolitan statistical area, this paper analyses behavioral effects on individuals receiving a rent-controlled contract in the Swedish rent control program. The result shows that receiving a rent-controlled contract reduces the annual labor income by 13 to 20 percent and employment by 8 to 13 percent. To some extent, these effects can be explained by an increased propensity to enter higher education.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Causal inferences and real-world evidence : A comparative effectiveness evaluation of abiraterone acetate against enzalutamide
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulatory authorities are recognizing the need for real-world evidence (RWE) as a complement to randomized controlled trials in the approval of drugs. However, RWE needs to be fit for regulatory purposes. There is an ongoing discussion regarding whether pre-publication of a protocol on appropriate repositories, e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov, would increase the quality of RWE or not. This paper illustrates that an observational study based on a pre-published protocol can entail the same level of detail as a protocol for a randomized experiment. The strategy is exemplified by designing a comparative effectiveness evaluation of abiraterone acetate against enzalutamide in clinical practice. These two cancer drugs are prescribed to patients with advanced prostate cancer. Two complementary designs, including pre-analysis plans, were published before data on outcomes and proxy-outcomes were obtained. The underlying assumptions are assessed and both analyses show an increased mortality risk from being prescribed abiraterone acetate compared to enzalutamide.
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| 10. |
- Jonéus, Paulina, 1989-
(författare)
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Design and analysis with observational data : Protocols and modeling with the aim of causal inference
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of six papers that study the design and analysis with observational data.There is a growing interest in using real-world evidence (RWE) for regulatory purposes. The belief is that observational data can make drug developmentmore efficient and speed up patient access to new drugs. Paper I presents a study protocol for a comparative effectiveness evaluation of two recently reimbursed hormonal treatments (NHTs) given to patients with advanced prostate cancer. The study protocol aims to present the study design, which is done without access to outcome data. Paper II presents the results from the same comparative effectiveness evaluation in clinical practice. The study shows the strength of using a matched sample and IV strategies simultaneously, even though a lack of precision using the IV analysis can be noticed.Paper III presents a study protocol from one of a few comparative effectiveness evaluations of the NHTs against Standard of Care (SoC). Almost no patients were prescribed any of the two drugs before June 2015, as the drugs were yet to be reimbursed, creating a possibility of using historical controls. Paper IV presents the results from the comparative effectiveness evaluation. We cannot rule out that the difference in mortality maybe due to confounding. However, using a bounding strategy of the effect, we do not have sufficient evidence to show that NHT reduces mortality compared to SoC.In Paper V, we investigate how high-dimensional data on healthcare consumption can be used when adjusting for imbalances between groups in an observational study. Our method employs a two-level neural attention model, where it is possible to include high-dimensional daily health data.Paper VI introduces the smooth transition duration model. This model allows for analysis of policy changes when the outcome of interest is the duration until some event and when the policy change introduces different regimes, i.e., before and after the change and in the proposed model, we allow for the change between regimes to be gradual.
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