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Sökning: FÖRF:(Sara Wallhed Finn)

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1.
  • Welfordsson, Paul, et al. (författare)
  • Feasibility of alcohol interventions in cardiology: A qualitative study of clinician perspectives in Sweden
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford Academic. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim:To identify barriers and facilitators to implementing alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) in cardiology services.Methods and results:Qualitative study. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 clinical cardiology staff (doctors, nurses, assistant nurses) of varying experience levels, and from various clinical settings (high dependency unit, ward, outpatient clinic), in three regions of Sweden. Reflexive thematic analysis was used, with deductive coding applying the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation (COM-B) theoretical framework. A total of 41 barriers and facilitators were identified, including twelve related to capability, nine to opportunity, and 20 to motivation. Four themes were developed: 1. Uncharted territory, where clinicians expressed a need to address alcohol use but lacked knowledge and a roadmap for implementing SBI; 2. Cardiology as a cardiovascular specialty, where tasks were prioritized according to established roles; 3. Alcohol stigma, where alcohol was reported to be a sensitive topic that staff avoid discussing with patients; 4. Window of opportunity, where staff expressed potential for implementing SBI in routine cardiology care.Conclusion:Findings suggest that opportunities exist for early identification and follow-up of hazardous alcohol use within routine cardiology care. Several barriers, including low knowledge, stigma, a lack of ownership, and a greater focus on other risk factors must be addressed prior to the implementation of SBI in cardiology. To meet current clinical guidelines, there is a need to increase awareness and to improve pathways to addiction care. In addition, there may be a need for clinicians dedicated to alcohol interventions within cardiology services.
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2.
  • Wallhed Finn, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Treating alcohol use disorders in primary care - a qualitative evaluation of a new innovation : the 15-method
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 39:1, s. 51-59
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore how the characteristics of an innovation, the 15-method, a stepped care model for treatment of alcohol use disorders in primary care was perceived.METHODS/DESIGN/SETTING/SUBJECT: General practitioners and heads of primary care units (n = 10) that delivered the 15-method in a randomized controlled trial participated in individual interviews at two occasions in Stockholm, Sweden. Data were analyzed with theoretical thematic analysis, using Diffusion of Innovation Theory.RESULTS: The participants described that offering the 15-method met a need among their patients. Participants were positive towards the training and the manual for the method. They mentioned a previous lack of routines to work with alcohol use disorders. The 15-method was described as easy to use. It would however be more feasible to implement in a team of different professions, rather than among general practitioners only. Priorities made by regional health care managers were described as important for the implementation, as well as financial incentives. A barrier to implementation was that alcohol screening was perceived as difficult. While the 15-method was perceived as effective in reducing the patients' alcohol use and cost effective, participants expressed uncertainty about the long-term effects.CONCLUSIONS: The 15-method provides structure for treatment of alcohol use disorders and is described by general practitioners and heads as a promising approach. Being able to offer treatment for alcohol dependence may increase the uptake of alcohol interventions in primary care.KEY POINTS Little attention has been given to develop treatment models for alcohol use disorders that are adapted to primary care settings. This study describes how an innovation, the 15-method, a stepped care model for treatment of alcohol use disorders in primary care was perceived. The 15-method provides structure for treatment of alcohol use disorders in primary care and is described by general practitioners and heads as a promising approach. Being able to offer treatment for alcohol dependence may increase the uptake of alcohol interventions in primary care.
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3.
  • Wallhed Finn, Sara (författare)
  • Alcohol dependence : barriers to treatment and new approaches in primary care
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Alcohol dependence is highly prevalent worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 4 % in the Swedish adult population. However, alcohol dependence has one of the largest gaps between the number of individuals affected and the number in treatment, where less than one in five seek treatment. The overarching aim of this thesis was to study possible strategies to reduce this treatment gap. In study I, the aim was to investigate which type of treatment for alcohol problems, and setting, that was preferred in the general population. Also, reasons for not seeking treatment. In a cross-sectional design, 9005 individuals representative of the general population between 16-80 years of age were interviewed. The results showed that a majority of the participants preferred treatment for alcohol problems within the health care system, while only 5 % preferred the social services. Support groups, psychotherapy and residential treatment were the most endorsed types of treatments. Shame was the most common reason given for not seeking treatment. In study II, the aim was to describe how individuals with alcohol dependence perceive treatment for alcohol use disorders and their reasons for seeking and not seeking treatment. 32 participants aged 18-62 with alcohol dependence were recruited via a market research company. Data was collected through focus group interviews and individual interviews. The results showed that shame and stigma were important barriers for seeking treatment. Additional barriers were; the perception that treatment meant accepting a goal of lifetime abstinence, low level of knowledge of health consequences associated with alcohol use and also low level of knowledge about treatment. Psychotherapy was the most preferred form of treatment. In study III, the effects of treatment for alcohol dependence in primary care were investigated. 288 adults with alcohol dependence were randomized to treatment in primary care with the 15-method, a brief treatment adapted for generalist settings, or treatment at a specialized addiction unit. The hypothesis was that treatment in primary care was non-inferior to specialist care. At six month follow up, the results on the primary outcome measure, weekly alcohol consumption, were statistically inconclusive, and could not confirm non-inferiority. However, treatment in specialist care was not superior to primary care. Sub-analysis showed that primary care was non-inferior for low to moderate severity of dependence, while participants with high severity of dependence had better outcome after specialist treatment. In study IV, the long-term effect of treatment for alcohol dependence in primary care was investigated, as well as trajectories for change of alcohol consumption. The study was based on the 12 month follow up of the participants in study III. The results confirmed non-inferiority for the primary outcome measure; weekly alcohol consumption. The results for the secondary outcome measures were consistent with the primary outcome – a reduction from baseline to 12 month follow up with no differences between primary care and specialist care. The only exception was that patients randomized to specialist care were more satisfied with treatment. The analyses of trajectories showed that the main reduction in consumption occurred during the first six months and were maintained at the 12 month follow up. In conclusion, treatment for alcohol dependence was seen as an issue for the health care services. Shame and stigma impose strong barriers to seeking treatment. The knowledge of health consequences associated with alcohol and treatment for alcohol dependence was limited. Common perceptions of treatment often stood in sharp contrast to preferred treatments among non-treatment seekers. Treatment for alcohol dependence in primary care with the 15-method is a promising approach. Five strategies are suggested in order to decrease the current treatment gap: reduce stigma; organize treatment in an attractive way; offer controlled drinking as a treatment goal; improve health literacy regarding alcohol use, health, alcohol dependence and treatment and finally - new ways to increase dissemination of alcohol interventions in primary care.
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