| 1. |
- Mattsson Ulfstedt, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentrations of Thymidine kinase 1 measured using a novel antibody-based assay in patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 126:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an intracellular protein associated with DNA synthesis, expressed during the G1 phase and remained elevated through the M phase, with a potential as a biomarker for cell proliferation. In this study, we explore the possible use of TK1 in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).Methods: Serum concentrations of TK1 (S-TK1) were measured in 46 newly diagnosed HL patients using prospectively collected biobanked serum samples. The samples were analyzed using a novel antibody-based TK1 immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The concentrations of S-TK1 were elevated in HL patients compared with healthy controls (median 0.32 μg/L vs. 0.24 μg/L, P = 0.003). A further increase in S-TK1 was observed during the treatment. The S-TK1 concentrations were higher in patients with advanced stage disease, low B-Hb, elevated P-LD and in those with B-symptoms. A high ESR correlated with low S-TK1.Conclusions: The study results suggest that S-TK1, measured using a novel antibody-based assay, has the potential to be a biomarker in HL. However, while S-TK1 levels are elevated at baseline compared with healthy controls, a limited number of patients and comparatively short follow-up time render reliable conclusions difficult.
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| 2. |
- Kumar, Jagarlamudi Kiran, et al.
(författare)
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AroCell TK 210 ELISA for determination of TK1 protein : age-related reference ranges and comparison with other TK1 assays
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioTechniques. - : FUTURE SCI LTD. - 0736-6205 .- 1940-9818. ; 68:6, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an enzyme involved in DNA precursor synthesis that has been used as a biomarker for prognosis and monitoring of different malignancies. In this study, we compared two immunoassays for measuring TK1 protein concentrations: the TK 210 ELISA (AroCell AB) and TK1 ELISA from Abcam. Overall, the TK 210 ELISA showed higher sensitivity than the Abcam TK1 ELISA for differentiating hematological malignancies (sensitivity of 0.77 vs 0.45) as well as for distinguishing sera of patients with solid tumors from those of apparently healthy individuals (0.61 vs 0.20). There was no significant difference in the TK1 protein levels determined with the TK 210 ELISA between different age groups from apparently healthy individuals. These results strongly indicate that the AroCell TK 210 ELISA is accurate and sensitive enough to be a valuable tool in cancer management. METHOD SUMMARY Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an enzyme that leaks from S phase cells as a result of high cell turnover. Commercially available TK activity assays have certain limitations; to overcome these, we developed a dual monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, the AroCell TK 210 ELISA, which is commercially available. The ELISA includes a preincubation procedure with a special buffer that reduces high molecular weight complexes of serum TK1 and exposes the TK1 epitope to facilitate antibody binding. This provides a robust and convenient assay for the determination of TK1 protein concentrations in sera from patients with different malignancies.
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| 3. |
- Björck, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 15:6, s. 1939-1958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6 kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37ĝF S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31 ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4 kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27 ka temperatures decreased 3-4 ĝC, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased CO2 outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas..
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| 4. |
- Venge, Per, et al.
(författare)
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HNL (Human Neutrophil Lipocalin) and a multimarker approach to the distinction between bacterial and viral infections
- 2019
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Ingår i: JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1759 .- 1872-7905. ; 474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The distinction between bacterial and viral causes of acute infections is a major clinical challenge. In this report we investigate the diagnostic performance in this regard of nine candidate biomarkers together with HNL (Human Neutrophil Lipocalin).METHODS: Blood was obtained from patients with symptoms of infectious (n = 581). HNL was measured in whole blood (B-HNL) after pre-activation with the neutrophil activator fMLP or in plasma (P-HNL). Azurocidin also known as heparin-binding protein (HBP), Calprotectin, PMN-CD64, CRP (C-reactive protein), IP-10 (Interferon γ-induced Protein 10 kDa), PCT (Procalcitonin), TK1 (Thymidine kinase 1), TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) were measured in plasma/serum. Area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve (AuROC) was used for the evaluation of the clinical performance of the biomarkers.RESULTS: Side-by-side comparisons of the ten biomarkers showed large difference in the AuROC with B-HNL being the superior biomarker (0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95) and with the other nine biomarkers varying from AuROC of 0.63-0.79. The combination of B-HNL with IP-10 and/or TRAIL increased the diagnostic performance further to AuROCs of 0.94-0.97. The AuROCs of the combination of CRP with IP-10 and/or TRAIL were significantly lower than combinations with B-HNL 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.91).CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of whole blood activated HNL was superior in the distinction between bacterial or viral infections. The addition of IP-10 and/or TRAIL to the diagnostic algorithm increased the performance of B-HNL further. The rapid analysis of HNL, reflecting bacterial infections, together with biomarkers reflecting viral infections may be the ideal combination of diagnostic biomarkers of acute infections.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Shoreline displacement and human resource utilization in the southern Baltic Basin coastal zone during the early Holocene: New insights from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in south-eastern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 28:5, s. 721-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along parts of the Hanö Bay coast in south-eastern Sweden, remains of a submerged landscape can be found down to depths of almost 25 m b.s.l. The coastal landscape was formed during two periods of lowered water levels in the Baltic Basin: the Yoldia Sea and the Initial Littorina Sea stages. In order to reconstruct the local environment and shoreline displacement during the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake stages, sediment sequences were obtained at 4.5, 17.5 and 18.7 m b.s.l. Detailed bathymetric mapping was based on multi-beam echo-sounding while surveillance and sampling of tree remains and archaeological findings were performed through diving. The Yoldia Sea low-stand reached its minimum level at 24–25 m b.s.l. just before 10,800 cal. BP. During the subsequent Ancylus transgression, a slow-flowing river passed through the area, accumulating thick deposits of fine-grained organic sediments in lagoonal basins. The river was surrounded by open woodland dominated by pine. Based on successive flooding of rooted tree stumps, the transgression rate was estimated at 4 cm·yr−1, until the Ancylus high-stand was reached at 5 m b.s.l. at 10,400–10,300 cal. BP. Findings of worked aurochs and beaver bones provide evidence of human presence in the landscape and show the importance of terrestrial resources for their subsistence. These integrated palaeoecological and archaeological investigations demonstrate the importance of submerged landscapes with well-preserved sediment, wood and bone material for our understanding of southern Baltic coastal landscapes and their inhabitants during the Early Mesolithic.
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| 7. |
- Ljung, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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The last termination in the central South Atlantic
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 123, s. 193-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake sediments and peat deposits from two basins on Nightingale Island (37 degrees S), in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, South Atlantic, have been analyzed. The studies were focused on the time period 16.2-10.0 cal ka BP, determined by 36 C-14 dates from the two sequences. A wide variety of proxies were used, including pollen and diatom analyzes, biogenic silica content, C and N analyzes, stable isotopes (C-13 and N-15), elemental concentrations and magnetic susceptibility measurements, to detect environmental changes that can be related to shifts of the circulation belts of the Southern Ocean. In addition, climate model simulations were carried out. We find that the sediments are underlain by a >2 cal ka BP long hiatus, possibly representing a dried-out lake bed. The climate simulations corroborate that the area might have been exposed to arid conditions as a consequence of the Heinrich I event in the north and a southward displacement of the ITCZ. The development on the island after 16.2 cal ka BP is determined by the position of the Subtropical Front (STF) and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHW). The period 16.2-14.75 cal ka BP was characterized by varying influence from SHW and with STF situated south of Tristan da Cunha, ending with a humidity peak and cooler conditions. The stable conditions 14.7-14.1 cal ka BP with cool and fairly arid conditions imply that STF and SHW were both north of the islands during the first part of the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The most unstable period, 14.1-12.7 cal ka BP, indicates incessant latitudinal shifts of the zonal circulation, perhaps related to climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere and bipolar seesaw mechanisms as the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) varied. At 12.7 cal ka BP the Holocene warming began with a gradually drier and warmer climate as a result of a dampened AMOC during the Younger Dryas cooling in the north with ITCZ, STF and SHW being displaced southwards. Peak warming seems to have occurred in the earliest part of the Holocene, but this period was also characterized by humidity shifts, possibly an effect of retraction and expansion phases of SHW during AMOC variations in the north. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Holmgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells during Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in calves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 36, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to monitor local cytokine responses to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves during primary infection and re-infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected weekly from experimentally infected calves and interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN- mRNA expression was quantified in BALF cells. The major finding was a prominent transient increase in IL-4 mRNA expression, compared with that of uninfected calves, observed in BALF cells collected 2-3weeks post-primary D.viviparus infection. At 2weeks post-infection, macroscopic worms were also first observed in BALF. Calves re-infected after 10weeks were partially immune which was evident at slaughter 5weeks post-infection as a lower worm burden than in previously naive calves infected at the same time. IL-4 mRNA expression in BALF cells 2weeks post-re-infection was increased compared with that of uninfected animals but not as high as that of primarily infected calves. BALF cell expression of the other cytokines tested for was not as clearly effected by the D.viviparus infection. It seems likely that the strong IL-4 response observed during primary infection reflects an innate response to the worms that may initiate an ensuing Th2 response, which confers protective immunity.
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| 9. |
- Holmgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene environmental changes on Nightingale Island, South Atlantic, based on diatom floristic changes in an infilled pond
- 2013
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-616X .- 0031-0182. ; 378, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Holocene diatom stratigraphy of 2nd Pond, a small, filled pond on Nightingale Island (37 degrees 25 S, 12 degrees 29 W) was analyzed and interpreted to infer paleolimnological changes on Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic. The diatom assemblage of 2nd Pond has the character of an acidic, oligotrophic wetland and the diatom record suggests that 2nd Pond most likely has been a bog/wetland throughout most of the Holocene. The-flora is largely dominated by Pinnularia viridis, a species typically found in peat bogs. The flora also includes benthic and epiphytic Gomphonema sp, Achnanthes saxonica, Frustulia cf. rhomboides, Staurosira venter as well as Pinnularia cf. divergens var. decrescens and Eunotia paludosa var. paludosa. Peaks of aerophytic diatom (i.e. mostly Diadesmis spp. and Luticola spp.) abundances and concentrations correspond to increased magnetic susceptibility and slightly higher C/N ratios and are interpreted to be the result of increased catchment erosion due to precipitation and following increased in-wash of terrestrial diatoms. The diatom record suggests dry conditions in the early Holocene, followed by recurrent periods of increased precipitation in the region at 8600-5600 cal a BP and at 2200-1700 cal a BP. The main causes for these hydrological changes are probably changes in intensity and/or position of the Southern hemisphere west wind belt. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Lemdahl, Geoffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Eemian and Early Weichselian environments in southern Sweden: a multi-proxy study of till-covered organic deposits from the Småland peneplain.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 28:7, s. 705-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on their luminescence and infinite radiocarbon ages, organic deposits beneath till at two sites on the Småland peneplain, southern Sweden (Nybygget and Stora Gäddevik), are concluded to have formed before the Middle Weichselian. Applied palaeoecological methods include analyses of pollen, diatoms, charcoal fragments, macroscopic remains of vascular plants and mosses, and insect remains. Pollen-stratigraphical correlations with previously studied interglacial/interstadial sites in southern Sweden, Denmark and northern Germany suggest that the peat at Nybygget dates from the Brørup interstadial or the final stage of the Eemian interglacial, whereas the lake sediments at Stora Gäddevik probably were emplaced during the middle Eemian. We conclude that the peat was formed in a wetland characterized by both wood swamp and open mire vegetation, and surrounded by semi-open woodlands dominated by pine, birch and hazel. The middle Eemian sequence at the Stora Gäddevik site provides evidence of a moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich lake environment with relatively diverse aquatic vegetation. Regional vegetation, as reconstructed using the REVEALS model, was spruce woodland mixed with pine, alder and birch, but also included more open environments with hazel, oak, grasslands and sedge-dominated wetlands. Water shield (Brasenia schreberi), now extinct in Europe, was identified in the Eemian lake deposits, from both pollen and macroscopic remains.
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