| 1. |
- Falk, Martin Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cultural Heritage. - : Elsevier. - 1296-2074 .- 1778-3674. ; 66, s. 384-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observations and 402 Heritage Sites. World Heritage managers assess that certain factors are both beneficial and harmful for their sites. These contradictory perceptions appear most commonly in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation (28% of the sites), ground transport infrastructure (16%) and to the Society's valuing of heritage (12%). Besides this, ambivalent perceptions are also identified for housing, commercial development, land conversion, forestry/timber production and renewable energy facilities, although to a lesser extent. Estimation results reveal that the highest degree of ambivalence occurs in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation, interpretive and sightseeing facilities and ground transport infrastructure when location and specific site characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results coincide only to some extent with the descriptive statistics. Compared to other groups of Cultural World Heritage Sites (cultural landscapes, religious sites and other sites) managers of cities have a significantly lower probability of perceiving the different factors as harmful.
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| 2. |
- Falk, Martin Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of temporary and permanent snow for new second homes
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of biometeorology. - : Springer. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 68:3, s. 589-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates empirically how natural snow depth and permanent snow affect the number of new second homes in Norway. One out of four Norwegian municipalities is partly covered by glaciers and permanent snow. In the winter seasons of 1983–2020, there is a decline in snow depth from 50 to 35 cm on average (based on 41 popular second-home areas in the mountains). Results of the fixed effects Poisson estimator with spatial elements show that there is a significant and positive relationship between natural snow depth in the municipality and the number of second homes started. There is also a significant and negative relationship between the number of new second homes in the municipality and a scarcity of snow in the surrounding municipalities. However, the magnitude of both effects is small. Estimates also show a strong positive relationship between the proportion of surface covered by permanent snow or glaciers in the municipality and new second homes. This implies that a decline in permanent snow and glaciers may make these areas less attractive for the location of second homes.
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| 3. |
- Hagsten, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Digital transformation as a means to attract innovative establishments to municipalities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Information Technology for Development. - : Routledge. - 0268-1102 .- 1554-0170.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study on regional development investigates if digital transformation is a means to attract innovative establishments to municipalities. By doing so, the relationship between the availability of high-speed broadband close by and the number of innovative establishments (workplaces) across all 290 municipalities in Sweden is explored. Panel data for eleven years (2010-2021) originate from official registers. Results based on Fixed Effects Poisson estimations including spatially weighted variables indicate that the digital transformation in the guise of high-speed broadband access is important for ICT (micro) establishments and those in declining municipalities, although the proportion of highly skilled inhabitants renders stronger estimates. For high technology and R&D establishments, access to high-speed broadband is not a relevant location factor. The estimates are robust to endogeneity as tested by the control function approach.
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| 4. |
- Thomas Falk, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Commitment of travel and leisure firms to sustainable development goals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - : Sage Publications. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the interdependencies of commitments to Sustainable Development Goals as reported by travel and leisure firms active in the United Nations Global Compact Programme. Descriptive statistics reveal that SDG 8 ‘economic growth and decent jobs’ (88%), SDG 13 ‘climate action’ and SDG 5 ‘gender equality’ (SDG 5) (78% each) as well as SDG 12 sustainable production and consumption (75%) are the goals most commonly committed to. Estimation results from the multivariate probit model show that a firm committing to one SDG will likely also dedicate itself to another. Thus, there is a strong positive correlation between the commitments to SDGs 8 and 13, as well as between the SDGs 5 and 8. This indicates that SDG 8 and SDG 13, on the one hand and SDG 5 and SDG 8, on the other, are not seen as contradictory by the firms.
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| 5. |
- Falk, Martin Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Domestic tourism demand in the North and the South of Europe in the Covid-19 summer of 2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - : Springer. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 69, s. 537-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates empirically changes in domestic summer tourism demand following the Covid-19 pandemic in 305 regions across six European countries (Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Spain and Sweden) based on official data. Five different groups of NUTS 3 regions are identified in accordance with a typology suggested by the OECD where density and connectivity are aspects of importance. Dynamic panel data estimations show that large metropolitan regions experience strong decreases in demand (approximately 30 per cent) both in July and August 2020. There are, however, clear differences between the Northern and Southern European countries. In the North, the remote regions encounter an increased demand that is partially offsetting losses in the large metropolitan regions. This pattern cannot be found in the South. The decline in domestic tourism flows to the major metropolitan areas is also more pronounced in the South of Europe, approximately 50 per cent per summer month compared with 20 per cent (July 2020) and stagnation (August 2020) in the North regions.
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| 6. |
- Lin, Xiang, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic stock market performance of the travel and leisure industry during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - : Sage Publications. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375. ; 28:5, s. 1240-1257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the performance of the stock market and its volatility in the travel and leisure industry for three Nordic countries using daily data from June 2018 to June 2020, a period that includes the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic. The methodology is based on the Markov regime switching model that allows unobservable regime shifts in the stock return relationship between the travel and leisure industry and the overall market in the period before the outbreak of Covid-19 crisis and during the recovery period at the end of the first wave. The results provide strong evidence of regime switching behaviour in the form of idiosyncratic risk as measured by volatility. The period before Covid-19 corresponds to a low/medium idiosyncratic risk, while the period of the pandemic is characterized by a regime with high idiosyncratic risk. Overall, the timing, likelihood and duration of this crisis regime depend on the composition of the travel and leisure firms. Those with a large proportion of online gambling firms perform better, while those consisting of international transportation firms, hotels and restaurants perform negatively. This study shows that the high-frequency data and the model chosen here can provide timely information on the impact of the pandemic on various tourism and leisure businesses that could be useful for policymaking.
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| 7. |
- Falk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Illustrating an Organisation’s Strategy as a Map
- 2020
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Ingår i: Strategic Management Control. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 9-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Business strategies need to be communicated and internalized by employees to make a difference. In this chapter we explore how balanced scorecards and strategy maps can facilitate such communication and dialogue among employees. We build on references from the field of strategic management control and a well-grounded overview of the concept of storytelling from the field of cinema studies. In addition to this, we offer an in-depth case description of how the Swedish €100+ million amusement park group, Parks and Resorts Scandinavia, has deigned their strategy map visually, to engage their employees in talking about the strategy and measuring its execution. Our recommendation is that designers of scorecards and strategy maps should take the learnings from motion-picture storytellers into account and apply these experiences in their effort to make the strategy everyone’s job. We especially highlight the two concepts (1) simple design that creates intense content, and (2) “suspension of disbelief”, i.e. how the designer of the strategy map can strike a deal with the viewers (the employees in the organisation) such that they interpret and trust the content in the strategy map.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rollenhagen, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges, dilemmas, and quality criteria for safety reviews
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Radiological Protection. - : IOP Publishing. - 0952-4746 .- 1361-6498. ; 37:1, s. 279-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five generic dilemmas shared by most safety reviews are identified, namely the complexity dilemma, the specialisation dilemma, the criteria dilemma, the independence dilemma and the ethical dilemma. These dilemmas are not always made sufficiently transparent, which may lead to a too optimistic view of what can be achieved by safety reviews. A two-dimensional characterisation of safety reviews is suggested; the dimensions are the degree of independence and the scope of the review. In conclusion ten quality criteria are proposed that can be used to cope with the dilemmas of conducting safety reviews.
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