| 1. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent girls in context : Not all patterns may be created equal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - : Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - 2002-0244 .- 2003-0177. ; 4:1, s. 29-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research exists on the importance of risk factors within individual contexts of parenting, neighborhood, school, and peers for adolescent development. However little exists on whether risks in certain contexts may be more or less likely for risk accumulation across contexts – referred to as the Weighted Risk Phenomenon (WRP). One way to study WRP is to study adolescent patterns of co-existing risk characteristics across domains and over time. The present study focuses on studying information about parenting, neighborhood, school, and peers in order to understand how risk can have different patterns over time. Participants were all girls recruited from junior high schools in rural and metropolitan areas of Sweden. The results illustrate that there are stable structural and individual pathways across four contexts of adolescent girls which may represent risk over time. Structurally, patterns which emerged at grade 7 reappeared again a year later and again a year after that in grade 9. In general, the same individuals seem to re-emerge in the same or similar patterns over time. Those who showed risk accumulation patterns tended to report prior risk factors in the parenting context. Such trends are supported in the literature and give support to the postulation that parenting is one of the strongest risk factors for adolescents. The findings indicate possible underpinnings of WRP.
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| 2. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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An Explorative Study on Parenting in Sweden : Is There a Swedish Style?
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Psychology Bulletin. - : American Psychological Association (APA). ; 19:3, s. 30-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the psychological literature pertaining to parenting, parents’ warmth, control, and communication are vital for positive adjustment of adolescents where high levels are considered to be the most prevalent and beneficial. Previous cross-cultural studies have however found the effects of other parenting patterns during adolescence to be equally prevalent as well as beneficial for adolescent adjustment which puts into question whether high on all three aspects of parenting could be more represented in some cultures than in others. In the present study, we question the representativeness of the pattern in the Swedish context. In the present study, we examined 888 adolescents’ reports on parenting. For boys, a neglecting, average but low communication, average but low control, average, average with warmth and authoritative patterns of parenting was found. For girls, a neglecting, average but low communication, average but high control, average, and authoritative patterns of parenting was found. The most prevalent parenting pattern found for both girls and boys was marked by moderate levels of parental control, warmth, and communication followed by authoritative (high levels of control, warmth, and communication). Of the 456 girls, the vast majority (41%) reported their parents as being average on parental warmth, control, and communication. Of the 432 boys, nearly half (46%) reported their parents as being average on parental warmth, control, and communication. Future directions on parenting research in Sweden are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping swedish females' educational pathways in terms of academic competence and adjustment problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Issues. - : Wiley. - 0022-4537 .- 1540-4560. ; 64:1, s. 157-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of academic competence, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems were examined in females from the longitudinal Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA) program in order to understand unexpected patterns of educational attainment and problems in adulthood. Person-oriented methods were used to identify patterns of competence and problems at ages 10, 13, and 43. These patterns were linked across time to reveal expected and unexpected educational pathways from childhood to adulthood. Most later patterns were consistent with earlier patterns of competence and problems. This structural-level stability supported our hypothesis that competence and problems tend to be inversely related and function together over time as integrated systems. We focus on one unexpected educational pathway characterized by individuals whose problems remain low over time despite stable levels of low competence. This unexpected educational pathway was examined further in terms of optimal versus general adjustment consequences in adulthood. Some policy implications of studying individual patterns and pathways are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Not wanting parents' involvement : Sign of autonomy or sign of problems?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Developmental Psychology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1740-5629 .- 1740-5610. ; 4:3, s. 314-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated whether adolescents' desires to manage their own free time, without parents' involvement, reflected problems or healthy independence. Participants were 1057 adolescents, their parents, and teachers. Initially, wanting parental involvement was related to disclosure, parental knowledge, and positive adjustment across contexts and wanting low parental involvement was related to negative adjustment. With closer examination of adolescents, two groups of adolescents who were similar on desires for low parental involvement but who differed on parental desires for involvement were uncovered. Those adolescents who wanted low parental involvement and whose parents desired involvement were consistently linked to poor adjustment in multicontexts. Those adolescents who wanted low parental involvement and whose parents wanted low parental involvement did not have more problems than their wanting parental involvement peers. Results indicate that not wanting parental involvement should be studied in terms of multiple developmental patterns.
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| 5. |
- Trost, Kari
(författare)
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Psst, have you ever cheated? : A study of academic dishonesty in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 0260-2938 .- 1469-297X. ; 34:4, s. 367-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been reported that academic dishonesty is a prevalent problem that crosses all disciplines at the university level. But, how prevalent is it in Sweden? Little is published in the literature about lying, cheating, and plagiarism amongst Swedish university students. This paper focuses on the frequency of past specific academically dishonest behaviours amongst Swedish University students with consideration to social desirability. The results indicate that although there are variations in frequency of dishonest behaviours amongst university students, some dishonest behaviours are more common than others. Future perspectives are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Trost, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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The Study of Family Context : Examining Its Role for Identity Coherence and Adolescent Adjustment for Swedish Adolescents
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Early Adolescence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0272-4316 .- 1552-5449. ; 40:2, s. 165-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether characteristics of the parent-child relationship in adolescence are important for adjustment and identity development. Participants were recruited from schools in central Sweden for a larger longitudinal study when the cohort was 13- to 14-year-olds (N = 3,667). Characteristics of the parent-child relationship, like parental warmth, democratic parenting, and child communication, and adolescent adjustment problems and identity coherence were studied. It was found that democratic parenting was positively linked to child communication but negatively associated with problematic peer relationships and behavioral problems. Parental warmth was linked to other parenting characteristics as well as identity cohesion. Democratic parenting was linked to greater school engagement and identity coherence for boys and girls. Gender differences were found. The findings support the notion that democratic and warm parenting may provide support for adolescent identity development and adjustment.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Lars R., et al.
(författare)
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The person-oriented versus the variable-oriented approach : Are they complementary, opposities, or exploring different worlds?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Merrill-Palmer quarterly. - 0272-930X .- 1535-0266. ; 52:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present commentary gives a brief overview of the person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches, how they are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before using either approach. In addition to presenting an empirical example on girls' adjustment problems using both approaches, this commentary uses the contributions in the present issue of the Merrill Palmer Quarterly illustrate some of the main issues surrounding these two perspectives. Special attention is also given to the contrast between the person-oriented and variable oriented approaches in terms of aggregation and disaggregation, model appropriateness and usefulness, and prediction as a goal. Future directions with regard to implementing a person-oriented approach are discussed, including the importance of conceptual clarity, practical and theoretical training, and method development.
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The person-oriented vs.the variable-oriented approach : Complementary, antagonistic, or exploringdifferent worlds?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Merrill-Palmer quarterly. - : Project Muse. - 0272-930X .- 1535-0266. ; 52:3, s. 601-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present commentary gives a brief overview of the person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches, how they are commonly used in longitudinal research, and what one should take into consideration before using either approach. In addition to presenting an empirical example on girls’ adjustment problems using both approaches, this commentary uses the contributions in the present issue of Merrill Palmer Quarterly to illustrate some of the main issues surrounding these two perspectives. Special attention is also given to the contrast between the person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches in terms of aggregation and disaggregation, model appropriateness and usefulness, and prediction as a goal. Future directions with regard to implementing a personoriented approach are discussed, including the importance of conceptual clarity, practical and theoretical training, and method development.
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| 9. |
- Dimitrova, Radosveta, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational transmission of ethnic identity and life satisfaction of Roma minority adolescents and their parents
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 45, s. 296-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates intergeneration transmission of ethnic identity as a resource for life satisfaction of Roma adolescents and their parents. Historically, Roma represent the largest ethnic minority in Europe. They have been exposed to severe discrimination, social exclusion, and poverty. Therefore, identifying resources for their life satisfaction is theoretically and practically important. The present study included 1093 participants, of which there were 171 Roma adolescents (age: M = 14.96 years, SD = 1.85), 155 mothers (age: M = 36.16 years, SD = 5.77) and 123 fathers (age: M = 39.68 years, SD = 6.06). Further, a comparison group of 248 mainstream adolescents with their mothers (n = 221) and fathers (n = 175) was also included in the study. Adolescents and their parents provided data on ethnic identity (MEIM; Phinney, 1992) and life satisfaction (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Results indicated that Roma youth were lower on endorsement of ethnic identity and average on life satisfaction compared to their mainstream peers. A structural equation model showed that ethnic identity was a positive predictor of life satisfaction for both adolescents and their Roma parents. Furthermore, parents' ethnic identity was a predictor of adolescent life satisfaction. We concluded that for Roma youth and their parents, ethnic identity represents a salient source for life satisfaction and an intergenerational continuity of identity and life satisfaction exists.
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| 10. |
- Eichas, Kyle, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Dimensions of Family Interaction in Adolescence : A Multitrait–Multimethod Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 36:5, s. 901-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of adolescent and parent ratings of family interaction. Adolescent and parent ratings of democratic parenting, parental warmth, and adolescent free disclosure were measured using a multitrait–multimethod confirmatory factor analytic approach. Participants included 3,959 Swedish youth in seventh grade (average age 13 years), with follow-up measurements in eighth and ninth grades. At each grade, findings provided support for trait discriminant validity and discriminant validity of methods. However, findings failed to provide support for convergent validity. Overall, the present findings suggest that measurement of family interactions should include the perspectives of both parents and adolescents because their perceptions of family interactions may represent different family interaction constructs.
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