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- Olofsson, Gunnar, professor, 1942-
(författare)
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Arbetararistokratin : en begreppsarkeologi
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I mitten av 1970-talet skrev jag tre artiklar om begreppet ”arbetararistokrati” vilka publicerades i tidskriften Arkiv för studier i arbetarrörelsens historia under rubrikerna ”Teorier om reformism och arbetararistokrati hos Engels och Lenin” nr 6 (1974), ”Arbetararistokrati och reformism. Del I: Den kommunistiska traditionen efter Lenin” i nr 11–12 (1977) samt ”Arbetararistokrati och reformism. Del II: Från Komintern till socialhistorien” i nr 13–14 (1978). De återges här i den form de publicerades, men de två senare har fått nya rubriker. Jag har samlat artiklarnas referenser i en bibliografi.I en nyskriven efterskrift resonerar jag kring varför begreppet ”arbetararistokrati” en gång tycktes värt att analysera så pass ingående som jag gjorde. Jag anför däri 1960- och 1970-talens livaktiga samhällsvetenskapliga forskning och diskussion om arbetarklassens förborgerligande och avradikalisering. Det övergripande problem som framträder är förhållandet mellan social skiktning och politiskt-ideologiskt ställningstagande. I efterskriften ger jag också en kort översikt av hur begreppet kommit att användas under senare år.
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- Kotljarchuk, Andrej, 1968-
(författare)
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In the Forge of Stalin : Swedish Colonists of Ukraine in Totalitarian Experiments of the Twentieth Century
- 2014
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gammalsvenskby is the only Swedish settlement to the east from Finland, founded in 1782. In the past of Gammalsvenskby the history of the Soviet Union, Sweden, the international communist movement and Nazi Germany combined in a bizarre form. And even when the ploughmen of the Kherson steppes did not left their native village, the great powers themselves visited them with the intention to rule forever. The history of colony is viewed through the prism of the theory of “forcednormalization” and the concept of “changes of collective identity“. The author intends to study the techniques of forced normalization and the strategy of the collective resistance.Andrej Kotljarchuk is an associate professor in history, working as a university lecturer at the Department of History, Stockholm University; and as a senior researcher at the School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Södertörn University. His research focuses on ethnic minorities and role of experts’ communities, mass violence and the politics of memory. His recent publications include the book chapters “The Nordic Threat: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing on the Kola Peninsula” (2014), “The Memory of Roma Holocaust in Ukraine: Mass Graves, Memory Work and the Politics of Commemoration” (2014); as well as the articles “World War II Memory Politics: Jewish, Polish and Roma Minorities of Belarus”, in Journal of Belarusian Studies (2013) and “Kola Sami in the Stalinist terror: a quantitative analysis”, in Journal of Northern Studies (2012).
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- Kotljarchuk, Andrej, 1968-
(författare)
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«В кузнице Сталина» : шведские колонисты Украины в тоталитарных экспериментах XХ века = V kusnitse Stalina: Shvedskie kolonisty Ukrainy v totalitarnykh experimentakh 20 veka
- 2012. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish colony of Gammalsvenskby (Старошведское) was founded 1782 on the lands of New Russia (Новороссия) by fishermen from the island of Dagö/Hiiumaa in the Baltic Sea. Villagers had frequent contacts with Sweden and the Grand Duchy of Finland throughout the nineteenth century. A number of Swedish cultural institutes (school, new church, library, chorus etc.) were built due to the Scandinavian aid in the village and as consequence the colonists received "an inoculation" of modern Swedish nationalism.During the first half of the 20th century the Swedish community near the Black Sea became the subject of the series of social experiments on the part of the different political regimes. The aim was to change the collective identity of the colonists and creation of loyalty of Swedes towards the new authorities. In 1923-1929 in the village under the guidance of the Ukrainian Central Commission for the National Minorities (ЦКНМ) the politics of the indigenization was provided with the aim of transforming former foreign colonists of the Russian Empire into a loyal ethnic minority of the Soviet Ukraine. However in 1929 the whole village (888 persons) emigrated to Sweden after negotiations between the Swedish and Soviet governments.In the historic fatherland a new large scale experiment was undertaken under the control of the specially created Committee (Gammalsvenskbykommittén). The aim of this experiment was to fully integrate the "archaic" Ukrainian Swedes into the modern Swedish society through their transformation into the successful Swedish farmers. The emigrants were denied a separate settlement in Sweden and newcomers were dissolved throughout the country to undergo "instruction of the Swedish norms of economic and every day activities." Appointed by the Committee inspectors were monitoring all the aspects of the integration of the old Swedes into the Swedish society.About 300 Swedish colonists who were not agree with the policy of Sweden voluntarily returned to the Soviet Union according to their own will. There in Röda Svenskby during five years under the guidance of the Comintern and rule of the Swedish Communist Party led by Hugo Sillén the experiment on the implementing the first Swedish kolkhoz and Swedish intentional community in the Soviet Union took place.The Soviet Union was unlike many other states in the world. This difference concerns not only the abolishment of private property and the dictatorship of the Communist Party, but also a nationalities policy based on internationalism. While ethnic minorities faced discrimination across Europe, the Soviet Union proclaimed in 1923, and then realized, a policy of full support of cultural and linguistic rights for ethnic minorities. However this policy changed dramatically when, in 1937, the Soviet government and the secret police (NKVD) started a mass operation in order to execute members of several ethnic minorities. For fourteen months in 1937 and 1938 roughly 250,000 people representing some 25 ethnic minorities from Finns to Iranians were executed by NKVD. The mass arrests did occur in Gammalsvenskby in 1937-38 and included 22 individuals from 41 Swedish families. The promotion of the Swedish culture was fully stopped simultaneously with the era of terror. In 1938 the Swedish school was closed, the national village council was dismissed and the administrative positions there were taken by non-locals.During World War II Swedish colonists accepted the status of Volksdeutsche. In 1943 all villagers together with their German neighbours were evacuated to Germany by the Nazi occupation forces. In 1945 about a hundred of the returning Ukrainian Swedes were deported by the Soviet secret police (NKVD) to the Komi autonomous republic – a Finno-Ugric region in northern Russia. The government decided to settle all former Volksdeutsche in the Gulag area alongside other enemies of the Soviet state "until further notice". The main purpose of the displacement and isolation of this "special contingent" was "to make them true Soviet citizens".Within the theoretical framework provided in the works of Michel Foucault and Alberto Melucci the author analyzes the techniques of forced normalization used by the Stalinist totalitarian state in order to reorient the cultural and linguistic identity of a Swedish ethnic group. The book is based on the archival sources in the repositories of Ukraine, Sweden and Russia.
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