| 1. |
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Aktörer och marknader i omvandling : studier i företagandets historia tillägnade Kersti Ullenhag
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is a Festschrift to professor emerita Kersti Ullenhag in honour of her 75th birthday. Kersti Ullenhag has been a teacher and researcher in economic history at Uppsala University since the mid 1960’s. Her research has focused on different aspects of business history, often combining micro-oriented empirical case studies with Schumpeterian theories on entrepreneurship. In 19 chapters this book deals with research topics such as the roots of business history,political economy, business and entrepreneurship, the development of financial markets and gender perspectives in business and society.
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| 2. |
- Aldman, Lili-Annè, 1955-
(författare)
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En merkantilistisk början : Stockholms textila import 1720–1738
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to, from an institutional approach, study how the Stockholm importers within the textile sector adapted their foreign trade to the change in economic policy 1720 through 1738. The focus is to investigate to what extent the introduction of new laws, regulations etc. can be an explanation for what happened to Stockholm’s foreign trade, mainly imports, particularly textile imports during the period. It is mainly the economic policies that had been enacted during the Hornian government and their effects that have been studied. This is a period that has seldom been studied in other research. This thesis begins when the Russian raids were over. This was a year when the foreign trade still was relatively free and was untouched by the 17th century’s regulations. After 1721 the policies that would be introduced to increase Sweden's level of self-sufficiency and strengthen ties with the North Sea area had several components. Besides the economic policy, the main sources for the thesis are the city toll records. The trade policies in the shape of tolls and fees, import and consumption bans etc. and the commercial policies together became different kinds of political tools used for several purposes. The conclusion of this thesis is that the economic policies made the Stockholm importers adapt their trade to the change. The import bans and sumptuary laws had an effect. The economic policies gave rise to an increase in the import of textile raw materials. The rise in toll costs and import fees contributed to displacing the foreign trade towards other areas. The change in the economic policies was successful in the sense that it gave rise to new conditions for domestic production within the textile sector and forced Stockholm's importers to adapt their foreign trade.
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| 3. |
- Altamura, Carlo Edoardo, 1985-
(författare)
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European Banks and the Rise of International Finance after Bretton Woods (1973–1982)
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 1970s is a crucial decade for understanding the modern financial landscape but it is still relatively unexplored in financial history. It was marked by the end of the Bretton Woods regime, the gradual liberalisation of finance, the return of banking crises and two massive energy crises. As archives are now providing new archival evidence, this thesis seeks to analyse a neglected aspect of the 1970s which touches on all of the above-mentioned phenomena: the progressive privatisation of international financial flows to Less Developed Countries (LDCs), especially in Latin America and South-East Asia, and its impact on the European banking sector.After the collapse of the Bretton Woods’ system in 1973 and until the debt crisis of 1982, Western commercial banks assumed an increasing role in transferring huge amounts of dollars accumulated by oil-exporting countries to LDCs through the so-called ‘recycling’ mechanism of the Euromarket. The trend marked a clear break with the past since, until the late 1960s, development finance had mostly been provided by public institutions. This gave commercial banks a new central role in international financial matters.In the short term, the privatisation of credit proved to be a profitable bet and it allowed a renaissance of the banking sector after the regime of Bretton Woods. Besides, these international flows of money provided the basis for the financial globalisation to come. In the longer term, many LDCs became subject to the imperatives of private institutions and prisoners of a ‘debt trap’ throughout the 1980s.We still know little about the attitude of international organisations towards the progressive privatisation of finance and the recycling mechanism and the impact of the oil crisis on the European banking. This thesis will analyse these topics by relying on new archival evidence from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Bank of England, the Banque de France and the archives of several major European commercial banks in France and United Kingdom, notably Société Générale, Crédit Agricole, Barclays Bank, Midland Bank and Lloyds Bank.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Jenny, 1974-
(författare)
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Mellan tillväxt och trygghet : Idéer om produktiv socialpolitik i socialdemokratisk socialpolitisk ideologi under efterkrigstiden
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For Swedish social democracy, social policy has historically been not only a means for individual security, but also a means for economic efficiency and growth in close relationship to economic policy. This doctoral dissertation shows that an important aspect of the ideological change of contemporary Swedish social democracy is the erosion of its growth oriented social policy ideology in the post-war period. Whereas a key element in the post-war ideology and the so-called “Strong society” was the conceptualisation of social policy as a productive investment, the ideology of the “Third way” is construed around ideas of social policy as a cost.The thesis discusses this ideological change as a dynamic relationship between growth and security as key concepts in the social policy ideology of Swedish social democracy. It argues that while growth and security where perceived as harmonious goals in the post-war period, the period from the late 1960’s can be seen as a development where growth and security became antagonistic goals, and the relationship between social policy and growth became increasingly problematic. The thesis focuses on two periods of antagonism (struggle over knowledge): the late 1960’s as a critique of growth and its social effects, conceptualised as social costs, and the early 1980’s as a critique of security and the economic cost of social policy. It is argued that both these periods can be seen as processes of crisis for social democracy, leading to new articulations and ideological change.
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| 5. |
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Arbete pågår : - i tankens mönster och kroppens miljöer
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work is always in progress, somewhere, in some form. In a historical perspective the view of work has changed, as have the contexts where work takes place. Still there are strongly rooted images of what work is – in the patterns of thought and material conditions.This book embarks from the idea that work is something both immaterial and material. It discusses work as a conception and cultural norm, but also as something very tangible and concrete.Researchers from an array of scientific fields have gathered together around these questions. The idea has been to twist and turn the conceptions of what work is and – embarking from one’s own discipline – to contribute new perspectives to this topic.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Maria, 1976-
(författare)
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Ifrågasatta företagare : Konkursförvaltares syn på kvinnor och män som företagsgäldenärer under 1900-talet
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The principle purpose of this thesis has been to study and analyse the conception of men and women in business bankruptcy during the 20th century. The analysis is built on a theoretical gender perspective and, combining this view and business and bankruptcy research, the thesis has focused on five themes: business networks, bank contacts, business competence, business characteristics and finally bankruptcy causes. These themes have been in focus when analysing bankruptcies in Uppsala 1920-1939, 1988, 1992 and 1996. A questionnair- and interview study with receivers active in Sweden 2001 has also been carried out. From the bankruptcy cases that have been studied, no specific gender differences have really been discovered. There were some variations between men and women, but it is very hard to claim that these are related to the sex of the debtor more than to the branch or to the individuals. Changes from the inter-war period to the latter part of the 20th century are in these respects also small. The image that the receivers gave through the questionnaire and interview study indicates on the other hand that there existed a conception that men and women seemed different as business owners. It is obvious that there were many receivers who thought that women were different from men in a situation of business bankruptcy, even though several of them stated that they did not beleive in any gender differences.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Berit, 1960-
(författare)
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Kampen mot § 23 : Facklig makt vid anställning och avsked i Sverige före 1940
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to use a power perspective to describe the workers’ struggle for co-determination in the Swedish labour market during the period 1890–1939. The study explores how trade unions in general attempted to limit article 23, which asserted employers’ control over hiring and dismissal. At the same time the study clarifies differences in union power between various groups of workers. The prevalent historical view regarding the distribution of power in the labour market is thus questioned.The study shows that workers were not powerless before the Saltsjöbaden agreement in 1938. In certain areas workers, through their unions, already at the beginning of the 20th century had fairly good possibilities of influencing both hiring and dismissal. Collective agreements that were entered into before the defeat of the workers in the great conflict in the Swedish labour market in 1909, as well as collective agreements signed during the 1920s and 1930s, can make both the Saltsjöbaden agreement and present-day regulations look “hostile to workers”. In collective agreements workers achieved considerable limitations of employers’ arbitrary freedom to hire and dismiss workers. Certain unions could control their labour market efficiently by means of a labour exchange of their own. The development, however, varied over time and between different trade unions. Business cycles generally influenced how much power unions could exert. Access to power resources and other conditions varied between different workers’ groups. While some attained considerable power over hiring and dismissal, others had no possibilities of taking part in decision-making.
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| 8. |
- Bergdahl, Juan, 1962-
(författare)
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Den gemensamma transportpolitiken : Elimineringen av hinder för de gränsöverskridande vägtransporterna inom den Europeiska Gemenskaperna 1958-1992
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses the European Community's political efforts to eliminate barriers to Community road transport between and within the member states. In this context, the study concentrates on the Community's activities to remove barriers to market access, such as limitations to the freedom to provide transport services, and pshysical barriers such as infrastructure capacity restrictions, checks and inspections at Community internal borders. The dissertation addresses the subjects through an institutional approach. According to the Treaty of Rome, the necessary provisions for international transport and rules under wich nonresident carriers could operate transport services within a member state other than their own (cabotage) should originally have been introduced within fifteen years of the foundation of the EEC. While the Community could be said to be relatively successful in eliminating physical barriers to cross border road transport, progress was lacking in the field of market access. Political crises, national differences and a policymaking system centred around unanimimous decision-making limited or blocked the development of necessary provisions for the enforcement of the freedom to provide services in road transport. The Community's transport policy dead-lock was finally broken in the 1980's through legal action against the Council, new Commission policy initiatives and a change of relevant decision-making rules. Between the mid 1980's and 1992, necessary provisions were developed at an accelerated pace. However, at the end of the period of study, much still remained to be done before the European road transport market could be said to be integrated in the true sense of the word.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1977-
(författare)
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Från svensk malmexport till utländsk etablering : Grängesbergsbolagets internationalisering 1953-1980
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the internationalisation of the Grängesberg Company from 1953 to 1980. The strategies that the company used and the knowledge it gained by participating in international mining projects are studied. The first and largest mining activity abroad was the Lamco project in Liberia. By transferring the company’s competence and knowledge of mining activities to Liberia, the Grängesberg Company used an international strategy of horizontal integration. The company’s contacts were of importance to start the production in 1963. The main ambition was thereafter to negotiate new long-term contracts in order to create stability for the project in the 1960s and the 1970s. Through its involvement in the Lamco project, the Grängesberg Company also acquired shares in a Belgian steel company and became half-owner with the Liberian state in a foreign shipping company. The experience and knowledge that the company gained in the Lamco project was used to increase its internationalisation in the 1970s. Appointing a Mineral Project Group, it investigated existing mineral projects abroad and formulated new internationalisation strategies such as vertical integration and diversification. The main motive for the further expansion abroad in the mining area was a need for resources for its domestic production. The most important outcome was the acquisition of a Canadian copper company, and the company integrated backwards to gain access to copper. The Grängesberg Company also used its competence by doing prospecting work in New Caledonia, Peru and Canada and consultant work in mining projects in Iran and Saudi Arabia in the 1970s. The study has shown that further international expansion became limited because of the downturn of the international economy in the 1970s, but also because of the company’s cautious attitude towards the political risks that were associated with international mining projects.
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| 10. |
- Björvang, Carl, 1988-
(författare)
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Cracks in the Ivory Tower : Antibiotics Research and the Changes in Academia 1980-2015
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the same time as resistance to antibiotics became an increasingly problematic health care concern around the world, major changes occurred in the condition scientists faced when conducting university-based research. This thesis aims to study these changes as they applied to antibacterial and bacteriological research, and how they influenced the researchers’ ability to make new scientific discoveries. Especially such discoveries that could be of critical importance for addressing the resistance problems of the era.Using interviews with researchers, funding data and political documents, this thesis has been able to confirm that findings regarding the global trend of changes in academic research from previous research also applied to the bacteriological research in Sweden in the late 20th and early 21st century. These changes included increased performance pressure, administrative burden, and concentration of funding to a few large research groups as well as decreased employment security and less time for senior researchers to be directly active in the scientific work. While there were many intertwined underlying factors for these developments, most of them could be traced back to the changes in funding model for academic science. Most crucially, research funding turned from being based on employment to being based on recurring applications to funding agencies.In conclusion, the changes in academic research conditions had major impacts on the ability of researchers to make new scientific discoveries. They incentivised doing safe, low-risk research with predictable outcomes, and producing many small, insubstantial publications. There were also some positive effects, such as a decrease in the impunity of senior researchers and a limitation on their ability to rest on their laurels. However, overall, this move away from taking chances and daring to research the truly unknown is likely to have decreased the ability of researchers to utilise their talents and follow-up on chance findings, decreasing their potential for discovery-making. Instead, it is likely that these changes within academia indirectly contributed to the antibacterial resistance problem by slowing down the rate of major breakthroughs in antibacterial treatments.
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