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- Hammarlund, Karl Gunnar
(författare)
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Barnet och barnomsorgen
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Swedish child-care institutions - day nurseries, kindergartens - did not until the 1930s become a concern of the Government. In 1943 the Swedish Riksdag for the first time passed a bill that gave child-care institutions a Government subsidy.This thesis deals with the Government's and the parliamentary commissions' attitudes to child-care institutions. Which type of institution ought to receive a subsidy? And for what reasons?The main argument for child-care institutions has always been that they could stimulate a sound development, for the child's own good and for society's. From the 1930s and into the 1950s most participants in the child-care debate stated that the kindergarten or part-time institutions for the pre-school child from the age of three and upwards was the preferable type. Day nurseries for children, even infants, of families were both parents had to work might be necessary but were to be seen as an emergency solution. From the mid-60s the attitu-de changed. Step by step full-time day nurseries became the institutions that were given priority by the Government.This change in attitude presupposes that the notion of the child changed as well. But it did not change in a vacuum. Borrowing an explanatory model from sociologist Johan Asplund, the thesis treats the child as a "figure of thought", placed between a super-structural discourse on child-care and society's basic, material conditions. Important changes at the level of discourse have been the attitude to modern, industrial society, e.g. the necessity of learning to live and work in a society which is complex, highly specialized and in constant change, and the debate on women's emancipation. At the level of material conditions, the most conspicious change is that more and more women have entered the labour market.The changing notion of the child can be understood as the effect of an influence from discourse and base on the "figure of thought". At the same time, the "figure of thought" in-fluenced the discourse. Thus, a child-care system for the benefit of child and woman and labour market could be established, and harmony could be created, at least in the discourse.
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- Skott, Fredrik, 1972-
(författare)
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Folkets minnen. Traditionsinsamling i idé och praktik 1919-1964
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- AbstractFredrik Skott, Folkets minnen. Traditionsinsamling i id? och praktik 1919 1964. (Avhandlingar från Historiska institutionen i Göteborg 53). 386 pages. Written in Swedish with an English Summary (The Popular Memory. Folklore Collecting in Theory and Practice, 1919 1964). Institutet f?r spr?k och folkminnen, Dialekt-, ortnamns- och folkminnesarkivet i Göteborg, Göteborg, 2008. In this thesis I analyse the popular images that the folklore collections communicate and the ideas behind the selection principles governing their construction. My overarching aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the folklore archives material and their governing processes during the period 1919 1964. The point of departure is present-day views of folklore material as a) an expression of politically conservative ideology and nationalism, b) reflecting the archive staff s objective ideas about the past, and c) an expression of nostalgia and the idealisation of the past. In the study I examine all these from a critical point of view. Apart from examining folklore collections from a national policy point of view, I also consider the archive personnel s and collectors view and use of folklore.Throughout my study I point to Swedish folklore collecting as a very heterogeneous project. Several perceptions of an ideal recording were included in the work. Struggles relating to the definition of the people, their recollections and the content of the archives were rife. Just as criticism could be directed towards that period through the documentation of the past, folklore could also be exploited to build the future or demonstrating (the need for) societal development. Aspects of the past were sometimes accentuated as contemporary ideals, and in part the collections should be regarded as a balancing of the books of peasant culture. The collecting of folklore cannot be regarded as a politically conservative project; if anything they represented the politically radical left s view of a more popular, more peaceable and more democratic historiography. In practical terms the recorders were also given a rather free hand to transfer their own images of the past to the future. The folklore collections can thus hardly be regarded as the elite s counterparts. It is rather the collectors and their informants picture of the past that is reflected in the folklore collections; an idea that corresponded with the earlier 20th century political left s wishes for a more popular historiography. Keywords: folklore archives, folklore research, questionnaires, history, politics, nationalism, tradition, folklife, folklore collecting, Sweden 1919 1964. Distribution: Institutet f?r spr?k och folkminnen, Dialekt-, ortnamns- och folkminnesarkivet i G?teborg, Vallgatan 22, SE-411 16 G?teborg, Sweden.ISBN: 978-91-7229-049-5ISSN: 1100-6781
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- Andersson, Eva I., 1968-
(författare)
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Kläderna och människan i medeltidens Sverige och Norge
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Clothing and the individual in Mediaeval Sweden and Norway) The manner of dress in Norway and Sweden between 1200 and 1500 is investigated in this dissertation. The main sources are Norwegian and Swedish charters, mainly wills. Clothes mentioned in them are analysed with the help of pictorial sources and preserved garments. As well as the particular garments, the complete dress and its development over time is studied. The clothing materials mentioned and changes over time are discussed. Comparison is also made with European fashion and manners of dress. Dress is also studied as an expression of social categories; how dress differed between the estates and between the sexes and how it was used to signal status and gender is examined. In this investigation the results from the first part of the dissertation is used, but also other sources, like sumptuary regulations and courtly literature. Previous research has seen the dress of the lower estates in Scandinavia as fixed and unaffected by contemporary fashion. In this dissertation it is shown that the spread of the fashionable ideal in dress reached far, both socially and geographically. The same types of garments were, to a large extent, worn by all levels of society, the difference lay in which materials they were made from. One of clothing’s most persistent functions is to express and signal differences between men and women. How this is done is, however, culture specific and changes over time. In the Middle Ages with few exceptions men and women wore the same types of garments. Primarily, gender was signalled with headgear and other items of clothing that did not emphasize the physical differences between the sexes. The question of how gender was signalled in clothing is in the dissertation tied to theories about how bodies and sex was perceived in the Middle Ages. As a result of this study we get a deeper understanding not only of the manner of dress, but also of how gender and status were perceived in mediaeval Norway and Sweden
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- Emanuelsson, Anders, 1966-
(författare)
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Kyrkojorden och dess ursprung. Oslo biskopsdöme perioden ca 1000-ca 1400
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Kristendomens infördes i Norge runt år 1000 och trehundrafemtio år senare var ca 40 % av de samlade jordegendomarna i Norge i kyrklig ägo. Men hur gick det till, vem överförde jorden till kyrkan och varför? Dessa frågor tar Anders Emanuelsson upp i sin avhandling och svaren överraskar. Så pass stora skiften av grundläggande ekonomiska resurser är förstås alltid intimt sammanbundna med den politiska och sociala utvecklingen i det aktuella samhället. Frågan har i många år varit flitigt diskuterad inom norsk historieforskning och det är första hand den norska kungen som lyfts fram som den mest betydelsefulla överföraren. Överföringarna har setts som ett rationellt tillvägagångssätt för att med kyrklig hjälp bygga upp en centralstyrd och väl konsoliderad centralmakt. Men Anders Emanuelsson undersöker nu för första gången det kyrkliga jordägandet i ett helt medeltida stift, nämligen Oslo biskopsdöme. Detta innefattade stora delar av sydöstra Norge inklusive det framtida landskapet Bohuslän. Med utgångspunkt i den så kallade biskop Eysteins jordebok, även känd som Röde Bok (RB), som upptog en förteckning över de kyrkliga jordegendomarna i stiftet omkring 1400, försöker författaren svara på frågor som när jorden fördes över till kyrkan, av vem och varför. Författaren har undersökt jordinnehavet hos 247 sockenkyrkor, tolv stadskyrkor, tre kloster samt den stora mängden jord i biskopens respektive domkapitlets ägo och fått fram ett mycket brett referensmaterial, som tidigare inte varit tillgängligt för forskningen. Vem gav då kyrkan jorden under 1300-talet? Jo, dessa överföringar kom huvudsakligen från de aristokratiska samhällsgrupperna – både världsliga och kyrkliga – samt en ”övre medelklass”. Det förekom även många överföringar från socialt lägre samhällsgrupperingar men de omfattade väldigt små gåvor. Däremot var de kungliga överföringarna av jord under 1300-talet till den biskopsstyrda kyrkan ytterst sparsamma. Syftet med överföringarna var i de allra flesta fall ”betalningar” för ”eviga” kyrkliga ”tjänster” som t.ex. regelbundet återkommande böner för donatorns själ (speciellt på årsdagen av hans/hennes dödsdag) eller för en gravplats. Anders Emanuelsson har också kommit fram till att denna bild från 1300-talet även går att använda för tidigare århundraden. Kungens roll som huvudöverförare till de stora kyrkliga institutionerna som t.ex. domkapitlet måste således tonas ner medan aristokratins roll – framför allt den kyrkliga aristokratin måste lyftas fram. Den världsliga aristokratin var en betydelsefull grupp bland jordöverförarna till landsbygdens sockenkyrkor. Störst betydelse för dessa små, kyrkliga jordägare hade dock agrarsamhällets ”medelklass”, det vill säga mer eller mindre rika självägande bönder. I undersökningarna framträder nämligen ett mycket starkt samband mellan den enskilda kyrkans demografiska och ekonomiska omland (socknen) och den aktuella kyrkans innehav av jord. Sockenkyrkornas jordinnehav år 1400 var i stor utsträckning ett resultat av en långsam, trehundrafemtio år lång, historisk utvecklingsprocess.
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