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- Johansson, Christian, 1980-
(författare)
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Knowledge maturity as decision support in stage-gate product development : a case from the aerospace industry
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In today’s fast-paced industry where fight for market share is fierce and reaching the market ahead of competition imperative, product development is a target for lead-time reductions. In this context, in product development in stage-gate processes, decisions need to be made even though knowledge and information are scarce and flawed. The challenge is how to support the decisions that are made in light of uncertainty and ambiguity. The thesis moves from analysing the role of the stage-gate process within the aerospace industry. The stage-gate process was more than a decision making mechanism, and instead a mechanism that facilitated communication, discussion and knowledge sharing between team members, as well as supported knowledge creation and shaping of the boundaries between people’s different perceptions of the knowledge base. However, the communicative and negotiative function of the stage-gate was highly dependent on the ability of the participating individuals to reflect on the status and quality of the available knowledge assets used throughout the process. To make this reflective activity an explicit part of the stage-gate practice, this thesis proposes the application of a knowledge maturity concept at the gates to raise the decision makers’ awareness of the status of the knowledge assets handled at the decision point. The knowledge maturity concept considers three basic dimensions: input, method/tool and experience/expertise in assessing the knowledge base maturity. The scale is intended to act as a boundary object, facilitating the knowledge creation process by highlighting the current status of the knowledge base and making stakeholders aware of the nature of the project’s uncertainties and ambiguities. In the knowledge maturity concept, its purpose is to support design teams at the gates in taking appropriate action, mitigating risk and focusing their efforts on improving the knowledge assets where it is needed most, regarding the situation at hand and, finally, to make more confident decisions.The thesis was developed within the EU FP6 VIVACE (Value Improvement through a Virtual Aeronautical Collaborative Enterprise) and EU FP7 CRESCENDO (Collaborative and Robust Engineering using Simulation Capability Enabling Next Design Optimisation) projects, and within the Faste Laboratory, a VINNOVA Excellence Centre involving partners from the Swedish manufacturing industry.
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- Larsson, Tobias
(författare)
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Multibody dynamic simulation in product development
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with multibody dynamic simulation of mechanical systems in the product development process. The approach is to make the process of multibody dynamics simulation more efficient by structuring of the simulation, simulation models and their usage. Previous work has concentrated on developing faster calculation methods and more specialised simulation software. Efforts have been made to clarify how computer tools and multibody dynamic analysis methods are used in product development in industry today. Insight into the knowledge domains of product development and multibody dynamics is given together with an introduction to the area of distributed simulation, modularisation techniques and nonlinear analysis. The mentioned domains have traditionally been separated but the introduction of concurrent engineering and faster computers puts new demands on the need for integration of computer support and analysis in the development process. The performed work is to be seen as cross-functional work in order to bring different domains together for the sake of a better total product development. The applications areas used in the work are all within vehicle system dynamics. A proposal for performing the multibody dynamics methodology in a distributed and modular way in the product development process is given based on the performed work together with a prototype implementation.
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- Skär, Lisa
(författare)
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Barn och ungdomar med rörelsehinder : deras uppfattningar om roller, relationer och aktiviteter
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis was to describe how children and adolescents with restricted mobility perceived their roles, relations and activities in relation to peers and adults in different settings. The thesis includes six sub-studies, which are based on interviews, observations and field notes with children and adolescents with restricted mobility aged from 6 to 19 years. Using Bronfenbrenner’s theory “the Ecology of Human Development” as the main theoretical framework, the ambition was to understand the children and adolescents’ social world from their perspective. The principal finding was the lack of peers in the children and adolescents’ social network. Furthermore, this tendency of isolation from peers was found to increase during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Their relationships to peers were strained and activities and surroundings in which social contacts could develop were limited. The relationships with peers were also characterised by social barriers in the form of attitudes that resulted in social isolation from the group of persons the disabled children and adolescents most wished to be with. When relations to peers were limited, the disabled children’s social life was restricted to adults. The results further showed that the children and adolescents’ roles and relations often were significantly different from their peers. The children and adolescents’ arrived at a concept of themselves that differed from the way others conceptually saw them. Furthermore, the children and adolescents saw themselves as regular members of their peer group, but the other members of the peer group saw them as different from themselves. Relationships to friends of the same age either were confined or were nonexistent. Relationships to adults were often characterised as ambivalent or asymmetric, i.e. the adults were helpful and supportive while over protective and dominant at the same time. The thesis revealed that, despite the many obstacles facing them, the children and adolescents with restricted mobility had a positive view of their future.
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