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- Vänje, Annika, Professor, 1963-
(författare)
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Knäcka Koderna : Praxis kring kön, industriell organisation och ledarskap
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to describe, analyse and initiate processes of change from a gender point of view. In the present field study the focus is on gender-creating processes in and around formal and informal structures at an engineering company´s organisation. The central theme is the implication of gender in relation to industrial organisation and leadership.The aim of this thesis is i) to identify processes and praxis in the organisation that create both opportunities and obstacles for women who have made an untraditional choice of career as engineers and managers, ii) on the basis of this knowledge and together with practitioners in the organisation initiate processes of change that will increase the proportion of women managers.The doing-gender approach has been used as a theoretical tool in order to understand the processes surrounding technology, leadership and gender in the organisation. Doing gender allows us to initiate process-thinking about how gender is constructed in different social contexts, such as those in industrial organisations. From a doing-gender perspective the central question is what an individual does and not what he or she is. In other words, the focus is on actions.The methodological approach is action-oriented, using as its starting point an interactive research perspective. The interactive approach has a democratic basic outlook, it combines theoretical understanding with practical action.This doctoral thesis helps to elucidate the complexity of gender-creating structures, processes and practices in an industrial organisation. Its empirical method also shows how researchers and practitioners in the organisation can jointly launch processes of change on the basis of a gender-theoretical basis.The thesis presents a gender-theoretical model for change and analysis that is based on the so-called doing-gender approach. This model has been of importance both as an analytical tool and as a starting point for initiating processes of change. The model has four dimensions and they are dissimilar in character and are more or less demanding of time in bringing about changes. They each have an effect and affect each other in various constellations in the gender-creating processes in organisations.The viewpoints that the doing-gender approach communicates makes it possible to change existing attitudes and expectations concerning gender, since the construction of gender is a continually ongoing process that differs in different contexts.One contribution that this thesis makes is to illuminate the complexity of organisation and gender. It contributes to research by providing empirical examples of gender-creating praxis in an engineering company and by showing how we can work on processes of change from a gender perspective.
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- Domkin, Konstantin
(författare)
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Constitutive models based on dislocation density : formulation and implementation into finite element codes
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Correct description of the material behaviour is an extra challenge in simulation of the materials processing and manufacturing processes such as metal forming. Material models must account for varying strain, strain rate and temperature, and changing microstructure. This study is devoted to the physically based models of metal plasticity - dislocation density models, their numerical implementation and parameter identification. The basic concepts of dislocation density modelling are introduced including the effects of static and dynamic recovery, influence of strain path and modelling of the back-stress. Possible mechanisms controlling athermal and thermally activated processes involving dislocations, vacancies and solute atoms are also discussed. Mobile and immobile dislocation densities, vacancy concentrations and other variables are treated as internal state variables. The dislocation models are incorporated in a classical continuum plasticity or viscoplasticity framework by means of the evolution equations for these internal variables which effectively control the hardening behaviour. Implementation of these models into finite element codes is straightforward and numerically efficient. Dislocation models are implemented in user material subroutines and used in simulations of sheet metal forming and extrusion. The models are also implemented in a custom toolbox for parameter optimisation in Matlab. A special extended version of a return-map stress update algorithm and its consistent tangent are derived to accommodate the complex coupling effects in a material model, in which all thermo-elastic and hardening properties may depend on the plastic strain. Numerical difficulties of parameter optimisation such as non-uniqueness of the solution, high sensitivity to the starting guess-value and to the choice of the error function appear to be a common problem with advanced material models. Simultaneous curve-fitting of multiple experimental curves of different mechanical testing types is advised to achieve more robust optimisation results. Parameters of dislocation density models usually have clear physical interpretation, and it is possible to obtain values of some of them from sources other than mechanical testing. The accuracy of physically based models is totally dependent on finding the adequate equations to describe the physical processes dominating the material behaviour during deformation. These equations may be more or less accurate than standard engineering models or data interpolation approaches. However, the use of physically significant parameters related to the microstructure properties such as grain size etc gives a natural way to couple them to the models for microstructure evolution, which is important in simulations of manufacturing processes.
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