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Sökning: L4X0:1403 2465 > Samhällsvetenskap

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1.
  • Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Do the land-poor gain from agricultural investments? Empirical evidence from Zambia using panel data
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the context of the global land rush, some portray large-scale land acquisitions as a potent threat to the livelihoods of already marginalized rural farming households in Africa. In order to avoid the potential pitfall of studying a particular project that may well have atypical effects, this paper systematically investigates the impact on commercial farm wage incomes for rural smallholder households of all pledged investments in the agricultural sector in Zambia between 1994 and 2007. The results suggest that agricultural investments are associated with a robust moderate positive effect, but only for households with a relative shortage of land.
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2.
  • Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • The Changing Structure of Swedish Foreign Aid
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The study investigates how the composition and character of aid of Swedish aid has changed over time, and what effects these changes have had for the potential to realize key aspects of the Paris agenda such as ownership, alignment, harmonisation, and accountability and the ability to deliver aid efficiently. We analyse the changes in Swedish aid flows since 1990 and compare with changes in the global pattern in terms of purpose, country allocation, channels, and modalities. We discuss how these changes are likely to have affected the efficiency of Sweden as a donor. We conclude with a discussion about the future direction of Swedish aid.
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3.
  • Jakobsson, Niklas, et al. (författare)
  • Does immigration affect welfare state generosity? Quasi-experimental evidence
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This note studies the impact of immigration on welfare state generosity in 12 Western European countries. In estimations not coping with the possible endogeneity problem, there are indications of a negative relationship between immigration and welfare state generosity. However, when the distance to the Balkan wars are used as a source of exogenous variation in the immigrant share, as to overcome potential endogeneity in mobility across countries, our findings suggest that an increase in the immigrant share does not decrease welfare state generosity.
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4.
  • Nordén, Anna, 1981 (författare)
  • Payment Types and Participation in Payment for Ecosystem Services Programs: Stated Preferences of Landowners
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Because the effectiveness of payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs depends on landowners’ engagement, understanding the relationship between the type of payment and participation is a key issue. This paper reports on a choice experiment that quantifies landowners’ preferences for cash and educational in-kind payment. The main results indicate a positive correlation between participation in a PES contract and the magnitude of the cash payment, while participation seems uncorrelated with the magnitude of the educational inkind payment. In addition, we investigate the mix of payment types and heterogeneity in preferences, which can help policymakers design strategies to increase participation.
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5.
  • Johansson-Stenman, Olof, 1966 (författare)
  • Estimating individual driving distance by car and public transport use in Sweden
  • 2001
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • How much to drive, and how much to use public transport, are modelled as three- and two level decisions, respectively, based on micro-data for Sweden. The choices whether to have a car, whether to drive given access to a car, and how much to drive given that the individual drives at all are then estimated using a three equation model. Also after correcting for other variables, such as income, men are driving much more, and using less public transport, compared to women. People living in big cities are less likely to drive, but those who do are on average driving about as much as others. Age and access to company-cars are also important determinants for travel behaviour, but being a member of an environmental organisation is not. Driving increases with income, but to a lower degree compared to most aggregated studies on national level. The difference is explained in a simple model with income-dependent structural changes, implying that it becomes more difficult to live without a car when average income increases. This indirect effect is found to be of a similar size as the ordinary income elasticity typically found in cross-section analysis within a country or region.
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6.
  • Oxelheim, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Executive Compensation and Macroeconomic Fluctuations
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Markets and Compensation for Executives in Europe. - Göteborg : Göteborg University. - 9780080557380
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Macroeconomic fluctuations affect corporations’ performance through demand and cost conditions. Incentive effects of performance-based compensation schemes for management may be weakened or biased by macroeconomic influences if management is unable to forecast macroeconomic fluctuations or unable to adjust operations in response to changes in macroeconomic conditions. In this paper we analyze the impact of macroeconomic, industry and firm-specific factors on salaries and bonus of CEOs in 131 Swedish corporations during the period 2001–2006. A distinction is made between anticipated and unanticipated macroeconomic fluctuations. The macroeconomic influences on performance and compensation can be expected to vary from firm to firm in terms of magnitude of effects, as well as in terms of relevant macroeconomic variables. The estimates obtained in this paper refer to the average impact across the sample of firms. We find that the average Swedish CEOs’ compensation is explained to a substantial extent by macroeconomic factors; less so by unanticipated factors alone.
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7.
  • Bonilla, Jorge, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Synergies and Trade-offs between Climate and Local Air Pollution: Policies in Sweden
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this paper, we explore the synergies and tradeoffs between abatement of global and local pollution. We built a unique dataset of Swedish heat and power plants with detailed boiler-level data 2001-2009 on not only production and inputs but also emissions of CO2 and NOx. Both pollutants are subject to strict policies in Sweden. CO2 is subject to multiple levels of governance using environmental instruments such as the EU ETS and Swedish carbon taxes; NOx – as a precursor of acid rain and eutrophication – is regulated by a heavy fee. Using a quadratic directional output distance function, we characterize changes in technical efficiency as well as patterns of substitutability in response to the policies mentioned. The fact that generating units face a trade-off between the pollutants indicates a need for policy coordination.
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8.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Conformity and the demand for environmental goods
  • 2008
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We test the hypothesis that people conform to certain social norms, i.e. that some individuals may be willing to pay a higher price premium for green products the more widespread green consumerism is in society. To investigate consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products, we conducted a choice experiment where the respondents were asked to choose among coffee products varying with respect to their share of ecological beans, share of fair trade beans, and price. Three treatments were used, differing only in the information given about the choices made by other consumers. More specifically, the respondents in the three subgroups were told that 10%, 50%, and 90% of all other consumers chose the alternative with 100% ecological beans. We find different responses to the treatments across individuals. In particular, we can only confirm our hypothesis of conformity for women, although men appear to have stronger preferences for ecological coffee than women.
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9.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Social preferences are stable over long periods of time
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We measure people’s prosocial behavior, in terms of voluntary money and labor time contributions to an archetypical public good, a bridge, and in terms of voluntary money contributions in a public good game, using the same non-student sample in rural Vietnam at four different points in time from 2005 to 2011. Two of the experiments are natural experiment, one is a field experiment and one is a public good experiment. Since the experiments were conducted far apart in time, the potentially confounding effects of moral licensing and moral cleansing are presumably small, if existing at all. Despite large contextual variations, we find a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between voluntary contributions in these experiments, whether correcting for other covariates or not. This suggests that pro-social preferences are fairly stable over long periods of time and contexts.
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10.
  • Congdon Fors, Heather, 1975 (författare)
  • Social Globalization and Child Labor
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In recent years, a growing number of authors have turned their focus to the question of why children work. While much of the research focuses on household level factors, macroeconomic factors have gained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the case of globalization. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on the role of globalization in child labor by examining a specific aspect of globalization: social globalization. The results of the empirical analysis indicate that social globalization does have a significant impact on the average incidence of child labor in the cross-country sample of developing countries.
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