| 1. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Does relative income matter for the very poor? - Evidence from rural Ethiopia
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied whether relative income has an impact on subjective well-being among extremely poor people. Contrary to the findings in developed countries, we cannot reject the hypothesis that relative income has no impact on subjective well-being in rural areas of northern Ethiopia.
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| 2. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Are they watching you and does it matter? Evidence from a natural field experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a natural field experiment, we tested whether being alone or in a group had an effect on prosocial behavior as expressed in donations to a recreational park. We also explored whether the presence of people exogenous to the group at the time of the donation had any behavioral effect. Our first treatment aimed at identifying peer effects, whereas our second treatment was similar to being in the public eye. We found that being in a group significantly increases the share of people acting prosocially. Moreover, we found that only individuals who are part of a group are positively affected by the presence of a third party.
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| 3. |
- Alpízar, F, et al.
(författare)
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Don’t Tell Me What to Do, Tell Me Who to Follow! - Field Experiment Evidence on Voluntary Donations
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a field experiment in a protected area to explore the effects of conformity to a social reference versus a comparable, but imposed, suggested donation. As observed before, we see visitors conforming to the changing social reference. On the other hand, the treatment in which we suggested a donation resulted in lower shares of visitors donating, compared to the social reference treatment, and lower conditional donations even compared to the control. We concluded that visitors look at their peers as a reference to conform to, but partially reject being confronted with an imposed suggestion on how to behave.
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| 4. |
- Alpízar, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Paying the Price of Sweetening Your Donation - Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a natural field experiment in a recreational site, a public good almost fully dependent on voluntary donations, we explored the crowding-out effect of gift rewards. First, we investigated whether receiving a map in appreciation of a donation crowded out prosocial behavior and found no significant effect of giving the map. Second, we explored the effect of adding the map to a treatment designed to increase donations. Interestingly, when the gift was combined with our attempt to trigger reputational and self image motives, the probability of donating decreased significantly, compared to the social reference treatment alone.
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| 5. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 6. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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What contributes to life satisfaction intransitional Romania?
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes life satisfaction in Romania in 2001, 12 years after the collapse of communism and the beginning of the transition into a market economy. Using a survey of 1770 individuals, we find that our results are very similar to studies in Western Europe and the US. Life satisfaction increases with housing standard, health status, economic situation, education, trusting other people, and living in the countryside, and decreases with rising unemployment. However, life satisfaction is lower than in Western countries with about 750f the people in the sample being not at all satisfied or quite dissatisfied with their life in general. A policy discussion concludes the paper.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Are Vietnamese Farmers Concerned with their Relative Position in Society?
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the attitude towards relative position or status among rural households in Vietnam. On average, the respondents show weaker preferences for relative position than in comparable studies in Western countries. Possible explanations are the emphasis on the importance of equality and that villagers are very concerned with how the local community perceives their actions. We also investigate what influences the concern for relative position and find, among other things, that if anyone from the household is a member of the Peoples Committee then the respondent is more concerned with the relative position.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of Power Outages for Manufacturing Firms in Ethiopia: A Stated Preference Study
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Having a reliable supply of electricity is essential for the operation of any firm. In most developing countries, however, electricity supply is highly unreliable. In this study, we estimate the cost of power outages for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a stated preference survey. We find that the willingness to pay, and thus the cost of power outages, is substantial. The estimated willingness to pay for a reduction of one power outage corresponds to a tariff increase of 16 percent. The willingness to pay for reducing the average length of a power outage by one hour corresponds to a 33 percent increase. The compensating variation for a zero-outage situation corresponds to about three times the current electricity cost. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in costs across sectors, firm sizes, and levels of electricity consumption. Policy makers could consider this observed heterogeneity when it comes to aspects such as where to invest to improve reliability and different types of electricity contracts.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Do Experience and Cheap Talk influence Willingness to Pay in an Open-Ended Contingent Valuation Survey?
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the effect of information on respondent´s willingness to pay to avoid power outages in Sweden, by employing an open-ended contingent valuation survey. Two aspects of information are tested; (i) if increased experience from power outages manifested by one of the worst hurricanes ever in Sweden with long power outages as a result and (ii) if a cheap talk script affect the respondent´s WTP. The results indicate that experience increases the proportion of respondents with a zero WTP significantly, which is consistent with the view presented in media in the backwash of the hurricane stressing the right to access power without outages. On the other hand, the cheap talk script decreased the proportion of respondents with zero WTP. In both cases, however, there is no significant effect on the stated WTP conditional on reporting a positive WTP. Thus, information seems to affect the proportion of respondents with a zero WTP, and implications of this on future applications of open-ended contingent valuation surveys are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Do Hypothetical and Actual Willingness to Pay Differ in Choice Experiments? - Application to the Valuation of the Environment
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we test the validity of choice experiments with donations for environmental projects. In particular, we test whether or not willingness to pay for projects differs between a hypothetical and an actual choice experiment. Our results do not indicate that choice experiments suffer from overstatement in hypothetical willingness to pay; and this contrasts the results found in external tests of validity in Contingent Valuation. In addition, internal tests of validity indicate transitive and stable preferences in both experiments
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