| 1. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The Changing Structure of Swedish Foreign Aid
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study investigates how the composition and character of aid of Swedish aid has changed over time, and what effects these changes have had for the potential to realize key aspects of the Paris agenda such as ownership, alignment, harmonisation, and accountability and the ability to deliver aid efficiently. We analyse the changes in Swedish aid flows since 1990 and compare with changes in the global pattern in terms of purpose, country allocation, channels, and modalities. We discuss how these changes are likely to have affected the efficiency of Sweden as a donor. We conclude with a discussion about the future direction of Swedish aid.
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| 2. |
- Jakobsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Does immigration affect welfare state generosity? Quasi-experimental evidence
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This note studies the impact of immigration on welfare state generosity in 12 Western European countries. In estimations not coping with the possible endogeneity problem, there are indications of a negative relationship between immigration and welfare state generosity. However, when the distance to the Balkan wars are used as a source of exogenous variation in the immigrant share, as to overcome potential endogeneity in mobility across countries, our findings suggest that an increase in the immigrant share does not decrease welfare state generosity.
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| 3. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Renewed Growth and Poverty Reduction in Zambia
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Zambian economy has grown relatively fast over the last decade up to the current global financial crisis. This paper discusses the challenge of using these growing resources effectively to improve the welfare of the population and to reduce poverty. The poverty head count index is found to have declined from 1998 to 2004 by about 5.4 percentage points. This change can be decomposed into a 6.6 percentage point reduction due to growth and a 1.2 percentage point increase due to inequality change. Since poverty is most severe in the rural areas it is important to make agriculture more efficient by improving roads and electricity, extension services and education. Our discussion further highlights the need to improve tax revenue collection and efficiency in realising budget expenditure plans. An important reform to undertake would be to change the budget cycle. The private sector development strategy should make the country a more attractive destination for private investors by creating a better business environment and infrastructure. The country also needs a new trading arrangement with the EU. Poverty relevant social services such as health and education remain vital. The health sector needs to be strengthened both because it has an immediate effect on welfare and because it helps build and protect human capital that is essential for long-term growth. Also social protection might have a role to play. It might be possible to use schools for channelling resources to the poor. Finally, improved governance helps all other measures to become more efficient.
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| 4. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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Debt Relief and Adjustment Effort in a Multi-Period Model
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper shows that if the period following the granting of debt relief is taken into account, debt relief increases adjustment effort (investment), irrespective of whether there is an initial debt overhang or not.
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| 5. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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Disability and Marginal Utility of Income
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many argue that disability generally lowers the marginal utility of income. This paper questions this view. Individuals? marginal utility (measured by a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function) of income are estimated in two states; when being paralyzed and when not being paralyzed. Experimental choices between imagined lotteries, where the outcome includes both income and disability status, are used. This allows for estimation of the ratio of the individual?s marginal utility of income when being paralyzed and when not being paralyzed, the Relative Marginal Utility of Income when Disabled (RMUID). The median RMUID is estimated to between 1.33 and 2. It is extremely (at the 0.005 % level) statistically significant higher than one. Individuals with personal experience of mobility impairment and of university studies, and voters for the Left Block and the Liberal Party, have higher RMUID than others. The results have implications for the optimal level of insurance and for the question of whether we should use distributional weights in cost-benefit analysis.
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| 6. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Kill your darlings? Do new aid flows help achieve a poverty minimizing allocation of aid
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we derive a poverty-minimizing allocation rule, based on which we assess the poverty-efficiency of actual aid allocations, with a special focus on the comparative impact of new donors and new non-aid flows. The results suggest a substantial misallocation of aid. Our benchmark estimates indicate that donors should reallocate nearly half the total aid budget from aid darlings (countries receiving more aid than the allocation rule specifies) to aid orphans (countries receiving less aid than the allocation rule specifies). The estimated poverty-reducing efficiency varies considerably across donors. Whereas new global actors such as the Gates foundation perform well above average, the non-DAC bilateral donors perform clearly worse. Overall, neither the new donors nor the new financial flows alleviate the observed misallocation of aid. While the new donors stand for a non-negligible share of overall poverty reduction, together they perform below average in terms of poverty reduction per aid dollar. Similarly, rather than counteracting the relative neglect of countries identified as particularly underfunded in terms of aid, the non-aid financial flows add to the inequitable distribution. Based on an extensive battery of alternative model calibrations, we establish upper and lower bounds on our estimates, allowing for clear policy recommendations.
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| 7. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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What Explains the International Location of Industry? -The Case of Clothing
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The clothing sector has been a driver of diversification and growth for countries that have graduated into middle income. Using a partial adjustment panel data model for 61 countries 1975-2000, we investigate the global international location of clothing production by using a combination of variables suggested by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory and the New Economic Geography (NEG) theory. Our Blundell-Bond system estimator results confirm that the NEG variables do help explain the location of the clothing industry, and point to that convergence is not as inevitable as sometimes assumed. We find that closeness to various intermediates such as low-cost labor and textile production has strong effects on output. Factor endowments and closeness to the world market have inverted U-shaped effects. This is expected since above a certain level several other sectors benefit even more from closeness and factor endowments, driving resources away from the clothing industry.
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| 8. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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What Explains the International Location of the Clothing Industry?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The clothing sector has been a driver of diversification and growth for countries that have graduated into middle income. Using a partial adjustment panel data model, this study tries to explain the international location of clothing production based on a combination of variables suggested by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory and by New Economic Geography theory. Our Blundell-Bond system estimator results show that closeness to intermediates such as low-cost labor and textile production has a positive effect on clothing production. Factor endowment and closeness to the world market have inversed U-shaped effects. This is expected, because above a certain level several other sectors benefit even more from closeness and factor endowments, driving resources away from the clothing industry.
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