| 1. |
- Eng, Thérèse, 1967-
(författare)
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Traduire l´oral en une ou deux lignes : Étude traductologique du sous-titrage français de films suédois contemporains
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a comparative investigation of the work of two subtitlers of Swedish films translated into French in the last decade of 20th century. It is a look at how they try to render the illusion of spoken language in the written line that is a subtitle. This effect has to be created despite the constraints of time, synchronisation, readability, and the limited number of characters available to work with.We have shown that the subtitles examined in this work include many of the characteristics typical of spoken French. These characteristics can be classified as belonging to the Phonetic, the Lexical or the Syntactic level. At the lexical level we can see that the translators use expressions with a lower style-level than the originals but manage to avoid being too shocking, innovative or destabilizing for the audience. We have also shown diastratic language differences in translation: our subtitlers strengthen characters of social differences by using a different language style depending on the status that the person in question has.Because of the polysemiotic nature of film it is not the primary purpose of a subtitler to translate everything. Typically verbal speech characteristics such as repetition, hesitation, incomplete phrases and non-informational expressions that are often seen as less acceptable in the written word are normally sacrificed in subtitles.On the other hand, we could not show that the original language (Swedish) had a sizable impact on the style and construction of the subtitles.We also looked at possible stylistic differences between the two subtitlers translations and tried to find out if the “voice” of the subtitler shone through. If so, we were interested in attempting to see if a difference could be caused by the fact that one of the subtitlers has French as her native language while the other translates from his second language. We were not able to relate the cause of the difference of style we observed to anything other than the original dialogue’s changing style-levels.In which direction the verbal content in subtitles will develop is an interesting and relevant question. In this work we have identified a development of style that has taken place during recent years in French subtitles to Swedish films. This development goes from a previous situation where the style of the spoken word was practically unused compared to today’s more frequent and systematic use.
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| 2. |
- Jansson, Kristina, 1977-
(författare)
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Saisir l'insaisissable : les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only has preteritum. Other characteristics of FID, such as repetitions, hesitations, the use of proper names etc. cause fewer problems in translation. The second part of the analysis handles the destiny of all of FID in translation. 91% of the French FID remain in the Swedish translations, whereas 82% remain in the French translations, numbers that show that there is a difference between the languages. This final part also analyses the reasons behind the transformation of FID into other forms of speech rendering in translation, including the translator’s influence over transformations that can be compared to that of the narrator over speech rendering.
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| 3. |
- Mossberg, Mari, 1963-
(författare)
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La relation de concession : Étude contrastive de quelques connecteurs concessifs français et suédois
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to compare the French concessive connectors "pourtant", "cependant", "quand même", "tout de même", "néanmoins" and "toutefois" with a group of Swedish concessive counterparts, namely "ändå", "i alla fall", "dock" and "emellertid". The analysis is based on a translation corpus comprising nine French novels and nine Swedish novels and their translations into Swedish and French, respectively. All the novels were published between 1992 and 2000. It is argued that by contrasting the French concessive connectors with a corresponding set of Swedish connectors, new insights can be gained which are difficult to obtain by a monolingual approach. Although the main focus of the study is on the French connectors, the study is also meant to improve our understanding of the Swedish concessive connectors. Part 1 of the study presents an outline of the theoretical framework. First of all, a tertium comparationis or common denominator is defined for all the connectors. The tertium comparationis is then used as a basic function in the descriptive model applied in the analysis of the connectors. The descriptive model is divided into three levels of discourse: the propositional, the textual and the interpersonal level. The basic function belongs to the propositional level and can be described as a concessive relation between propositional contents (e.g. "Il pleut". "Pourtant il sort"). At the textual level, the connectors establish a relation between adjacent speech acts (e.g. "Je sais bien qu’il pleut, mais sortez quand même") or between thematic segments. Finally, the relations on the interpersonal level concern the communicative situation and the attitudes of the interlocutors (e.g. "C’est quand même bizarre"). Part 2 of the study is concerned with the description of the functions and individual features of the French connectors, while part 3 deals with the Swedish counterparts. All the analyses are organised in the same way, beginning with a presentation of prior work followed by a contrastive analysis of the examples drawn from the French-Swedish corpus, going from source text to translation. The final part of the study (part 4) comprises bidirectional analyses of the French and Swedish connectors. This means that the connectors are analysed in both directions simultaneously, from original text to translation and from translation to original text.
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