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- Condén, Emelie, 1979-
(författare)
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Type D Personality : Psychometric Properties of the DS14 and Associations with Ill Health and Coronary Heart Disease in General and Clinical Populations
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type D personality, or distressed personality, refers to the joint tendency to experience negative emotions and to inhibit self-expression in social interactions. The overall aims of this thesis were to examine the impact of Type D personality on adolescents’ self-perceived health, to examine the factorial and temporal stability of the Type D personality construct DS14, and to clarify whether type D personality is an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality among patients with myocardial infarction.The prevalence of Type D personality in the adolescent population was 10.4% for boys and 14.6% for girls. Boys and girls with Type D personality were approximately twice as likely to report musculoskeletal pain and five times as likely to report psychosomatic symptoms.Adolescents with Type D personality were four times more likely to have sleep disturbances and to sleep fewer hours, especially on school nights.Among patients with myocardial infarction, the Swedish DS14 had stable structural validity. Our measurements confirmed the two-factor model of the DS14. However, the DS14 exhibited low temporal stability, especially when comparing the measurement obtained during hospitalization with the 1- and 12-month follow-up measurements.Among patients with myocardial infarction, the Framingham risk score had a strong predictive value for recurrent myocardial infarction, and a somewhat weaker predictive value for all-cause mortality. However, none of the previously proposed methods for the analysis of the DS14 Type D personality measurement predicted recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality, either in univariable analyses or in addition to the Framingham risk score.In conclusion, the present thesis found significant associations between the DS14 and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents. However, the measurement exhibited a low stability over time and no predictive value for recurrent myocardial infarction and mortality among patients with myocardial infarction. Taken together, these results raise the question of whether the Swedish DS14 really is a measure of personality. An alternative explanation for the strong cross-sectional associations observed between the DS14 and psychosomatic symptoms might be that the DS14 functions as a pseudo-measure of ill health, or co-varies with depressive or psychosomatic characteristics.
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| 2. |
- Hellström, Charlotta, 1973-
(författare)
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Adolescent Gaming and Gambling in Relation to Negative Social Consequences and Health
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of the thesis were to study relationships between the effects of online gaming and gambling and negative social consequences and ill health among adolescents and to determine whether gaming and gambling activities occur together.The papers in this thesis used epidemiological methods to obtain self-report information from Swedish adolescents aged 13–18 years. Time spent in online gaming was associated with negative social consequences, and this relationship was explained by online gaming motives. Gaming for fun and social motives was associated with a reduced risk of negative social consequences, whereas gaming to escape problems, gain status, or meet demands from others was associated with an increased risk.Increased online gaming time on weekdays increased the probability of having depressive, musculoskeletal, or psychosomatic symptoms, and was related to online gaming motives. The probability of ill health was low in those who reported gaming for fun or social motives. Adolescents with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were more sensitive to gambling frequency and to developing a gambling problem. However, among those identified as susceptible, adolescents with ADHD were equally affected compared with other susceptible participants in terms of their gambling frequency.Boys had a higher probability than girls of participating in online gambling in association with online gaming. Having at least one parent born outside Scandinavia was associated with a higher probability of online gambling, especially among girls. The effect of alcohol use as a factor contributing to online gambling was greater among boys than among girls.The results of this thesis contribute new knowledge about sex differences in online gaming and gambling behaviours and add to the limited research on online gaming and online gambling behaviours among adolescent girls. Gaming motives may be helpful for identifying online gamers needing support to reduce their unhealthy gaming behaviour. Information about factors related to gaming and gambling problems may be of interest to clinicians in psychiatry, psychology and social work, as well as to policymakers, parents and teachers involved in adolescent health and development. Effect preventive strategies should consider the sex differences in gaming and gambling behaviour in adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Södersved Källestedt, Marie-Louise, 1976-
(författare)
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In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Study of Education in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and its Effects on Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes among Healthcare Professionals and Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigated whether outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest patients could be improved by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) educational intervention focusing on all hospital healthcare professionals.Annually in Sweden, approximately 3000 in-hospital patients suffer a cardiac arrest in which CPR is attempted, and which 900 will survive.The thesis is based on five papers:Paper I was a methodological study concluding in a reliable multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) aimed at measuring CPR knowledge.Paper II was an intervention study. The intervention consisted of educating 3144 healthcare professionals in CPR. The MCQ from Paper I was answered by the healthcare professionals both before (82% response rate) and after (98% response rate) education. Theoretical knowledge improved in all the different groups of healthcare professionals after the intervention.Paper III was an observational laboratory study investigating the practical CPR skills of 74 healthcare professionals’. Willingness to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) improved generally after education, and there were no major differences in CPR skills between the different healthcare professions.Paper IV investigated, by use of a questionnaire, the attitudes to CPR of 2152 healthcare professionals (82% response rate). A majority of healthcare professionals reported a positive attitude to resuscitation.Paper V was a register study of patients suffering from cardiac arrest. The intervention tended not to reduce the delay to start of treatment or to increase overall survival. However, our results suggested indirect signs of an improved cerebral function among survivors.In conclusion, CPR education and the introduction of AEDs in-hospital– improved healthcare professionals knowledge, skills, and attitudes– did not improve patients’ survival to hospital discharge, but the functional status among survivors improved.
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