| 1. |
- Eriksson, Olof, 1945-
(författare)
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Stil och översättning : Pär Lagerkvists prosastil ur franskt översättningsperspektiv
- 2002
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pär Lagerkvist hade i hela sitt liv en mycket nära relation till Frankrike och till fransk kultur. När hans verk vid mitten av fyrtiotalet på allvar började uppmärksammas utomlands, blev det därför särskilt angeläget för honom att hans texter översattes till franska och att dessa översättningar höll hög kvalitet. Mot bakgrund av att Pär Lagerkvists prosa på ett mycket påtagligt sätt karakteriseras av ett litet antal framträdande och för honom speciella stildrag, kan det vara av intresse att analysera hur dessa stildrag förvaltats i den komplicerade process genom vilken den svenska originaltexten överförts till franska. Det primära syftet med denna bok är att genomföra en sådan stilistisk översättningsanalys. Men boken är också en studie i Pär Lagerkvists prosastil.
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| 2. |
- Forslund, Magnus
(författare)
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Det omöjliggjorda entreprenörskapet : Om förnyelsekraft och företagsamhet på golvet
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is nothing particularly revolutionary about the assertion that organisations today must be more entrepreneurial. However, one could rightly claim that interest was previously directed primarily at the anonymous organisation (as in Corporate Entrepreneurship) or executives at various organisational levels (as in intrapreneurship). Now, the focus is on production personnel. The question is: what happens in an organisation when one attempts to mobilise production personnel to engage in entrepreneurship? The little that has been written about this issue in established research has been relatively uncritical. For this reason and in an attempt to go beyond established concepts, I begin this dissertation with social constructionism and an ethnographic study, which consists of a number of narratives about Termos, a Swedish company with 200 employees. This study is not one that illustrates successful change. If anything, it discusses the issue of how both the production personnel and management made entrepreneurship impossible on the shop floor. A core question revolves around male and female images, and how women's self-images prevent them from taking the steps necessary to implement innovations. Another key point treats the issue of how management, in a confusion-inducing manner, mixes the vocabularies and actions of two different ideologies-managerialism and entrepreneurialism. One moment, management is talking about the importance of taking initiative; next, it is punishing personnel who do not "follow the system". Add to this the fact that both managerialism and entrepreneurialism threaten the ideology that guides the actions of production personnel. In turn, different types of resistance strategies are set in motion A critical reading of the literature on entrepreneurship reveals that it is also rendered impossible on the shop floor since these texts neglect production personnel. Only "real" entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial managers are discussed and honoured, while production personnel are just an exploitable resource. In this way, the ideologies of both entrepreneurship and management are understood as being "bad". Nevertheless, it is possible to see entrepreneurship on the shop floor at Termos. To do this, one needs to understand entrepreneurship that focuses on the organisation of resources into new patterns stemming from perceived possibilities, without the introduction of restrictions regarding type or size. It is also an understanding that rejects the idea of the entrepreneur as a subject position who prevents the production personnel from practicing entrepreneurship. Instead, it puts forth the notion that it is individuals who lend themselves to entrepreneurship. Furthermore, proximity is vital to understanding entrepreneurship in context, where we can "see" it. In conclusion, the dissertation maintains that there is every reason to demystify entrepreneurship if we wish it to happen everywhere, even on the shop floor.
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| 3. |
- Nyström, Ia
(författare)
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Eleven och Lärandemiljön : En studie av barns lärande med fokus på läsning och skrivning
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis describes what happens when twelve students learn to read and write. The main purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the learning process of the students, with respect to reading and writing, based on the specific learning environment. Special attention is given to the relationship between the individual and the environment. It is the author's strong belief that one needs to look at both these aspects together. Further, the intention of the thesis is not to compare different environments in terms of good or bad, but rather to use them as examples of situated social practices for reading. The investigation has an ethnographic approach and is based primarily on qualitative data collected by personal studies of the students' reading and writing processes in the classroom environment. Secondly, estimations of the students' reading abilities have been performed in order to validate various kinds of data. Twelve students have been studied from August 1998 when they started in first grade and until March 2001. The analysis derives from Vygotskij's theory, the sociocultural perspective, and to get a better understanding of differences and similarities between the environments, Bernstein's theory about the visible and invisible pedagogic was used. The result indicates that in a classroom, students show a variety of specific behaviours related to the setting in different ways. The conclusion of this thesis is that it is urgent to make teachers observe and pay attention to the behaviour pattern of each group of readers. Teachers hereby receive a tool that gives them a chance to identify students with negative patterns in purpose to make them choose a constructive way of learning. Through guidance the teacher may transfer successful strategies and/or design situations that make it possible for the students to discover an alternative way of learning.
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| 4. |
- Sellbjer, Stefan
(författare)
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Real konstruktivism : Ett försök till syntes av två dominerande perspektiv på undervisning och lärande
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The starting-point of the thesis was that teachers to a large extent teach on the basis of intuitive theories. This creates a tendency that a number of frequent conceptions, pedagogical and didactic theories, experiences of one's own school days etc. become parts of a more fragmentary structure of ideas, rather than a coherent theory of teaching. With the aim of creating a deeper understanding of questions related to teaching and learning, two dominating perspectives were described initial. By putting the intuitive ideas in relation to basic paradigmatic assumptions a picture was given of what the teacher has to know in order to thoroughly understand a certain perspective. In addition, examples of pedagogical theories were presented that can be referred to the perspective in question, which teachers can adopt to qualify their understanding. A critical discussion of the paradigmatic assumptions paved the way for a third perspective, where thoughts occurring in the other two were partly combined. Here a theoretical basis was also presented to explain why the use of mental tools of thinking, especially such that are linked to knowledge theory may lead the teacher to a more reflective way of dealing with questions of teaching and learning. The third perspective was illustrated, first with four examples of how teaching can be performed, and then also in the form of in-service training for teachers. In the empirical section and in the final conclusion the perspectives were illustrated, discussed and examined critically. On the basis of questionnaires answered by upper secondary school teachers, interviews and observations, assumed examples of intuitive theories were presented. The empirical material was also analysed from the same starting-points as the formulation of the perspectives. Ten teachers' systems of intuitive theories about teaching and learning could thus be constructed. Five of these were presented and a comparison with the perspectives was made. Some analyses, however, turned out to agree best with a further perspective, which had not been focused on in the thesis. It was also found that teachers' practice can be enriched by being confronted with scientific knowledge. The value of such knowledge was illustrated through the evaluation of an inservice programme for teachers.
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| 5. |
- Stigmar, Martin, 1963-
(författare)
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Metakognition och Internet : Om gymnasieelevers informationsanvändning vid arbete med Internet
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes what happens when a group of high-school students practice their ability to reflect upon their learning (metacognitive training) and then solve tasks with information collected on the Internet. The overall aim of the thesis is to make an explorative investigation to find out if exercises of metacognitive type can support the use of information for high-school students in their work with the Internet. The dissertation also aims at making clear what significance certain pre-requisites have for metacognitive training, ie if the students attend vocationally or theoretically oriented programmes and the attitude of the teacher towards metacognitive exercises. There are a number of reasons why I have chosen to investigate the field of learning and information and communication technology (ICT). The use of the Internet to search for information in school work has increased. An important reason to investigate these issues is that the use of ICT in itself doesn´t seem to mean improved learning, according to existing research. A central question to study is where the pedagogical surplus value lies in the use of the Internet in school work? In the thesis it is argued that it is not enough to provide schools with computers and Internet connections, but that something more is needed in order to achieve a development in teaching with ICT. During one year 40 students in theoretically and vocationally oriented programmes are being monitored together with their English teachers, in four different actions. The collection of data was done exploratively by interviews, logbook notes, observations and the SOLO-taxonomy. The result is accounted for in four case studies. During the action the professionalism of the teacher in creating beneficial teaching environments, by contextualizing the metacognitive exercises to things that challenge the students' internal motivation, turned out to be central. Furthermore it was shown that the students in the vocationally oriented programmes had most use of developing their reflective ability.
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| 6. |
- Säll, Harald
(författare)
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Spiral Grain in Norway Spruce
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood is a major construction material that is used in many contexts, and for different purposes. Serious problems may arise, however, when moisture related deformations as twist occur in wood used in different types of building structures, joinery and furniture. Twist can be explained to a great degree by the helical deviation of the grain angle in relation to the longitudinal direction of the log or the sawn board. Wood fibres form a spiral within the tree, and this is a natural occurrence that is named spiral grain. The wood fibres close to the pith in Norway spruce form a left-handed spiral. In most trees the grain angle turns over to be right-handed with time. Sawn timber that exhibits large grain angles lead to problems of shape stability and stiffness in finished constructions. In this thesis the spiral grain in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was stated as well as the effect on sawn timber.The material was based on sample trees from Sweden and Finland. Samples were taken in twenty-two stands at different heights in tree. From six stands studs were sawn and dried for measuring twist and other deformations. The spiral grain was measured with the method scribe test on 390 log discs taken at the top-end of the logs. Account was given concerning changes in grain angle from pith to bark, regarding both increasing annual ring numbers and distance from pith. The development of grain angle over tree age was utilized to study whether annual growth, size of tree, height in tree as well as silvicultural treatments affected spiral grain. Moreover, the relation between grain angle and distance to pith (in mm) was used to forecast twist in sawn timber.The left-handed grain angle was at its greatest between the fourth and eighth annual rings. Thereafter for most trees the grain angle turned from left-handed to right-handed in a linear fashion, in a manner that was unique for each individual tree. The pattern of spiral grain differed significantly between different stands, regarding change of inclination with increasing age or distance from pith. The culmination of the grain angle close to the pith occurred at somewhat higher age higher up in the trunk. The grain angle decreased faster in top logs than it did in the butt logs. The largest trees within a stand had a grain angle that turned to right in a slower way than smaller ones. The thinning strength and type of thinning regime also affected the character of spiral grain in the remaining trees in a stand. There was an indication that strong thinnings, where fast growing trees are retained, may lead to more individuals in a stand that exhibit high grain angles under bark.With knowledge of the size and direction of the grain angle under bark, and the diameter of the log, calculations can be made that show how twisted the sawn timber will be after drying. This can be used for deciding whether an individual log can profitably be sawn and processed further or not. The grain angle under bark can be used to remove trees showing the greatest degree of spiral grain already in the first thinning. Silvicultural methods aiming at even and dense Norway spruce stands, which normally is practised in Scandinavia, will probably result in timber with relatively low risk concerning large grain angle and subsequent risk for twist in sawn wood.
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