| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957
(författare)
-
I skuggan av Ädel - integrering i kommunal vård och omsorg
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The starting-point of this study is the subject of difficulties in integration. Is it possible to control the integration of occupational groups within an organization? To answer this question the welfare departments of four municipalities were examined. Two occupational groups were chosen by their overlapping tasks, long history and separated growth. These two groups, social welfare workers who peform home-help services, and trained nurses who perform homemedical care, have as an effect of legislation from one day to another been amalgamated in a common organization. This process too place in 1992 by a reform named "Ädelreformen". That year the municipalities in Sweden were directed to integrate home-help services with homemedical care. Social workers and nurses have, after the reform, in a common organization continued to represent different legislations and occupational traditions during the process of integration that began with "Ädelreformen". An exposition of studies on integration points out that integration is regarded as something good by legislators and managers but is often characterized by conflicts, especially between two parties with different occupational perspectives and overlapping areas. This study is focused on understanding management control promoting integration. Three types of control of special importance to this study are: need of resources, right of dispositions, and regulation. Integration is supported by a mutual need of resources between the subordinated parties. Need of resources occur when one party depends on another party for survival and growth. The right of disposition is resources protected by the executives. Such protection supports integration among the parties while the risk of exploiting and asymmetry are reduced. During conflict and differentiation a superior party, the executives, can contribute to stabilization by regulation. Regulation consists of rules from the superior party that state how the interchange of resources should be done between the subordinated parties. Four municipalities have been examined in order to answer the question of this study. Interviews were carried out in each municipality, with executives and subordinated parties, individually and in groups of staff, totally 28 interviews with 85 respondents in total. The four municipalities performed different types of management control. Those were neglect control, market control, partiality control and symmetrical control. Neglect control is when the executive lacks insight in the relation of the subordinated parties. The lack of insight contributes to an unregulated relation between the parties and weak rights of dispositions. The parties compete and claim the resources of the opposite party. Market control brings a strong need of resources to the subordinated parties. A purchaser-provider split allows the parties to accomplish resources by negotiations. Partiality control is when the executives support one of two subordinate parties. The weaker party is exploited by the opposite party. Symmetrical control implies secured rights of disposition. When symmetrical control is performed by the executives the mutual interchange between the parties is regulated. That prevents isolating and differentiating strategies. The result and the main contribution of this study is that management control matters and increases the possibilities of integration. When the executive establish distinct rules, strong rights of dispositions and need or resources, mutual interchange is promoted. Those three components in combination reinforce integration. The mutual interchange then repeated will make the integration grow stronger.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Eriksson, Nomie, 1955
(författare)
-
Friska vindar i sjukvården. Stöd och hinder vid förändringar i professionella organisationer
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Implementation of decisions in professional organisations is characterized by the board making decisions for the professions to perform. In this thesis a decision concerning how process directed method of working in medical service is studied. The implementation was studied at two hospitals and units with similar medical alignment. Earlier research shows that medical service is hard to change. The aim with this study is to identify what supports and what hinders the professions’ implementation of a new working method and to explain why. The professions are registered nurses and physicians. They have good knowledge of the medical service and a great interest in good performance for patients as well as themselves. Characteristic is that they carry out decisions if they correspond with their norms and values which describe how medical service is to be performed, i.e. the institutions of medical service. Process directed method of working diverts from the traditional working methods in medical service. The activities in medical service are synchronized into a logical chain without repetitions. It gives a standardized medical service for all the patients included in one group of patients or one diagnosis. The new way of working changes what medical service is offered, where it is performed and by whom. The working method gives medical, as well as administrative, changes. Medically, questioning and changing alters the contents of medical service. Administratively, the medical service directing and organisation is changed. The overall view on medical service is developed with this working method, whether it is performed in one or several units. Established facts for the implementation of the working method is development of the dialogue, which is held between the professions, by real enthusiasts and offers from each hospital management respectively about education and stimuli. The professions’ satisfaction with the new working method also supports the change. Hindering the implementation of the method are activities such as rounds, reports and documentation and they are hard to adapt into the processes since they have developed into ceremonies that could wear traces of path dependence. On top of this there is a general expressed conception of lack of time, which also has developed into a ceremony. Despite that the study showed that existing institutions agree with the decided working method and the implementation is strong when it comes to available bases, the grade of implementation varies and problems of implementation are identified. If the organisation is marked by contentment, the existing working method will be preserved. If the decision is forced upon the professions they will re-form it or re-interpret it. If path dependent activities exist, only parts of the working method are changed which the professions’ experience as frustrating. However, if the professions participate in the implementation of process directed working method through dialogue, real enthusiasts and education and stimuli, the traditional working method will change.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fihn, Glenn, 1965
(författare)
-
Normer och reformer. Den landskommunala och stadskommunala budgetens och redovisningens historia 1862-1968
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the center of this study is the development of norms for the Swedish municipal budget and accounting in its historic context. By historic context, we refer here to the aspects of the course of history, which concern municipal expansion and institutional change. The study aims at describing and explaining how and why reforms were made in the norms for budget and accounting within the municipal sector of cities and rural municipalities during the period 1862-1968. Why and how budget and accounting reforms were made or, more precisely, which factors were behind the development of the norms for municipal budget and accounting, and whether regulation were put in place voluntarily or through state mandates, are the two queistions that are posed in the study. The reforms of the norms for budget and accounting which are studied more closely, are the proposals which were developed by the predecessors of the Swedish Association of Local Authorities, as well as the proposals for municipal financial statistics forms which Statistics Sweden developed until the 1960s. Based on previous research in the area, three hypotheses were formulated concerning how and why norms for the municipal budget and accounting change. The first one contained an assumption that the regulations around municipal finances and the norms for municipal budget and accounting follow the municipal expansion. The second one contained an assumption that the development of the design of the municipal budget and accounting system, occurs in an interaction between the state and the municipal levels. The third one contained an assumption that here was a difference in budget and accounting between the cities and the rural municipalities, but that these differences have been erased as the differences beween town and country disappeared. The study reveals that municipal expansion and institutional change have an impact on the development of norms for budget and accounting. The breakthrough of municipal business operations at the turn of century in 1900 and the periods of increased financing through borrowing and the accompanying attempts by the state to regulate the loan management were particularly important. The study also shows that the state and the municipalities through direct or indirect interaction have futhered the reforms of the norms of municipal budget and accounting. Finally it is shown that the difference between norms of the budget and accounting of cities and rural municipalities was reinforced until the 1940s only to be completely erased in a short period of time.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Susanne, 1975
(författare)
-
Dom under trettio, vem bryr sig och varför? Ungdomars värderingar och politiska deltagande : Those under thirty: who cares and why? Young people's values and political participation
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dom under trettio, vem bryr sig och varför? kastar nytt ljus över en vedertagen bild av ungdomars värderingar och politiska deltagande. Är ungdomar verkligen så annorlunda när det kommer till politiskt deltagande och deltar alla ungdomar på samma sätt? Att ungdomar utmålas som annorlunda kan förklaras av att de inte deltar i samma utsträckning som andra grupper eller av att de deltar på andra sätt. Enligt den vedertagna bilden förmodas ungdomars politiska beteenden på långsikt resultera i negativa konsekvenser för det politiska systemet: ungdomar som inte deltar eller ungdomar som deltar på fel sätt är ett potentiellt problem för demokratin! Boken lyfter fram flera skäl för att den vedertagna bilden av ungdomsgruppen bör ifrågasättas. Ett skäl är ungdomars värderingar. Ungdomar är mer av individualister och därmed väljer de hellre deltagandeformer som går utanför det parlamentariska systemet. Ett annat skäl är att deras ålder och sociala resursstyrka kan förklara hur de deltar. I avhandlingen prövas i vilken utsträckning ungdomsgruppens politiska deltagande kan förstås med utgångspunkt i värderingar, resursstyrka eller ålder. Empiriskt baseras avhandlingen på medborgarundersökningar och främst på en särskild undersökning av 3 000 ungdomar i åldern 15-29 år boende i Västra Götaland.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johansson, Tobias, 1977
(författare)
-
Förvaltningens gräns mot marknaden. Om mekanismer bakom och effekter av kommunernas marknadsutnyttjande
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Varför anlitar vissa kommuner externa leverantörer i stor utsträckning medan andra kommuner i väldigt liten utsträckning överlåter produktionen och tillhandahållandet av service och välfärdstjänster på externa leverantörer? Vad utmärker egenregiproduktion och nyttjandet av externa leverantörer och i vilka fall är det ena att föredra framför det andra? Har valet av organiseringssätt någon betydelse för verksamhetens presterande? Dessa frågor är centrala spörsmål som behandlas och undersökts i föreliggande bok.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kastberg Weichselberger, Gustaf, 1976
(författare)
-
Kundvalsmodeller. Kundvalsmodeller. En studie av marknadsskapare och skapade marknader i kommuner och landsting
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation voucher systems are studied. Client choice models have over the past decade been introduced as parts of municipal operations. One important observation, and point of departure, is that client-choice models are based on a public organization that designs a market and that this organization remains a market designer even after the market is established. The purpose of this study is to understand how the market designer manages the market solution. Therefore, the overall guiding question is how may the market designer's actions be interpreted? What do the market designers do and why do they do it? The dissertation is founded on theories from sociology, focusing particularly on system theory and actor-network theory. Case studies are the empirical data in this study and interviews are the main sources of information. A total of 56 interviews were made. The first case study is a voucher system that was introduced within pre-school and school in the town of Staffanstorp. The second case study is a client-choice model within the at-home assistance for elderly in the town of Nacka and the third case is a voucher system that was introduced within the maternity care division of the general health care system in Göteborg, Västra Götalandsregionen. A model is introduced which explains why the market designers have pursued certain courses of action and why they have cared for these markets to different extents and with different focus. Two concepts constitute the core of the explanatory model: reflexivity and attention. One important contributionof this study concerns the changing nature of the market designer. The market designers' characteristics vary depending on whether the driving force in the process are civil servants or politicians and whether the issue is politically contentious or viewed as non-political. The conclusions also show how important it is that the role of the market designer is highlighted and understood. In particular, this is true with regard to the importance of the role of the market designer in creating conditions for a situation characterized by a wide range of choices, comptetition and high quality services. The results of the study also indicate that the perspective has contributed to develop he knowledge about the relationship between the different market models' positions and the political system.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rodrigo Blomqvist, Paula, 1972
(författare)
-
Närvarons politik och det mångetniska Sverige. Om att ta plats i demokratin
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book delas with the subject of political representation and the significance of the presence of immigrants in the political process. The official stance of the Swedish democracy is that immigrants are to be represented in the political process to the same extent as the rest of the population. In practice, however, the political representation of immigrants has long remained a non-issue. The dissertation is based on the idea that in order to understand the politics of presence from an ethnic perspective, we should start from existing power structures and draw attention to the hierarchies of ethnic dominance and subordination, which separate groups of people, and which prevent and exclude the participation in society on equal conditions, based on ethniticy. The theoretical frame of reference consists of several different theoretical tools. Group representation - or the politics of presence as it is - is the central theory that is tested and developed further in the book. The book consists of two empirical parts and it focuses on the arena of municipal politics. In the first part political representation is studied, such as issues concerning recruitment to the political parties and how the candidates perceive their role as representative. This parts is based on material that was collected at the end of the 1990s until the municipal elections of 2002. Statistical analyses of survey data and qualitative analysis of interviews are the methods being used. The second empirical part tests the hypothesis, which implicitly underlies the theory of the politics of presence, that belonging to a certain ethnic group has an impact on the content of the political process. Here we follow the policy process(es) around a specific political interest (the demand for education in Finnish) that was articulated by a certain immigrant group (the Swedish Finns). Process tracing is used as method of analysis and the material mainly consists of public documents complemented by interviews. The results from this part of he disertation are based on material from a period of almost forty years. The main results are that the position in the ethnic herarchy is significant for the recruitment of candidates for municipal politics. The ethnic hierarchy variable gives a significant result both with regard to the number of municipal political offices and the status of these offices. The position in the ethnic hierarchy has an independent effect in relation to the other explanatory factors like, for example, the extent of time as a party member. It is easiset for candidates who are born in the Nordic countries, Western Europe and North America to assert themselves in the recruitment process. Next are people who were born in Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and Latin America. Cadidates from Asia and Africa encounter the largest difficulties. These results support the idea that the position in the ethnic hierarchy constitutes an important factor in getting knowledge of the mechanisms behind immigrants' under-representation in the political process. Furthermore, the results show that there is a cause for revising the preconditions for political representation. The study points out the need for a widened concept of representation, which takes into account the significance of representation on arenas other than the local and national parliaments. The results confirm the conclusion that immigrants change politics, but this is done through several different channels of influence (for example the administrative bureaucracy) and not only, or perhaps even mainly, through their presence in the political decision-making assemblies.
|
|
