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- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Diet Quality in a Cross-Sectional Study of Swedish Adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 118:5, s. 956-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interventions to improve dietary intake and reduce dietary greenhouse gas emissions (dGHGE) are urgently needed. Adolescence presents a unique time in life to promote sustainable diets. Detailed dietary data are needed to inform public health strategies aiming at improving adolescents' diet quality and reducing dGHGE.Objective: This study aimed to describe dGHGE in Swedish adolescents' diets by socio-demographic characteristics, evaluate how food groups contribute to dGHGE, and examine dGHGE in relation to diet quality.Methods: Data come from the national, school-based, cross-sectional dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 of 3099 females and males attending school grades 5 (11-12 y old), 8 (14-15 y old) and 11 (17-18 y old). Participants completed 2 web-based 24-h recalls and questionnaires on lifestyle factors. dGHGE was estimated based on life cycle assessment data. Diet quality was estimated using NRF11.3 (Nutrient Rich Food Index) and SHEIA15 (Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adolescents 2015).Results: dGHGE were higher in males than females (medians 4.2 versus 3.8 kg CO(2)e/10 MJ, P < 0.001). In females, dGHGE were highest in grade 5 (4.0 kg CO(2)e/10MJ), whereas in males, emissions were highest in grade 11 (4.4 kg CO(2)e/10MJ), P < 0.001 for the sex/grade interaction. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with CO(2)e/10MJ, but parental education, birthplace, and degree of urbanization were not. In females, the proportion of dGHGE from animal-based foods was lowest in grade 11, whereas the proportions from plant-based foods and sweet foods/beverages were highest. In males, these proportions were similar across grades. NRF11.3 was not associated with CO(2)e/10MJ, whereas healthier eating, according to SHEIA15, was inversely associated with CO(2)e/10MJ.Conclusions: Food choices and dGHGE per calorie differ by sex in adolescents. Thus, intervention strategies to improve dietary sustainability need to be tailored differently to females and males. Diet quality should also be considered when promoting reduced GHGE diets.
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| 2. |
- Sandberg, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Alginate, small bowel sterol excretion, and absorption of nutrients in ileostomy subjects
- 1994
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 60:5, s. 751-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of alginate on ileostomy excretion of sterols and nutrients was investigated in six ileostomy subjects fed a constant low-fiber diet with or without supplementation with 7.5 g sodium alginate. A mean of 95% of uronic acids derived from the sodium alginate was recovered in the ileostomy contents. Supplementation with alginate increased fat excretion by 140% and decreased bile acids excretion by 12%. Sodium and potassium excretion were significantly increased whereas starch and nitrogen excretion were unchanged. Five of six subjects showed a decreased apparent absorption of iron and manganese with alginate, which, however, was not statistically significant. Absorption of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were unchanged. Almost no digestion of sodium alginate occurs in the stomach and small intestine. The increased fatty acids excretion may be explained by the binding or trapping of fatty acids in the gel matrix formed by alginate, which may also cause a reduced bile flow.
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| 3. |
- Strid, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diets benefiting health and climate relate to longevity in northern Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 114:2, s. 515-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diets combining adequate nutritional quality and low climate impact are highly needed for human and planet health. Objectives; We aimed to 1) evaluate nutrient density indexes' ability to predict mortality, and 2) assess the effects of diets varying in nutrient density and climate impact on total mortality. Methods: Dietary data from 49,124 women and 47,651 men aged 35-65 y in the population-based prospective study Vasterbotten Intervention Programme (Sweden) were used. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) were estimated using data from life cycle assessments. Fifteen variants of nutrient density indexes were evaluated and the index that best predicted mortality was used to estimate participants' nutrient density. GHGEs and nutrient density were adjusted for energy intakes. Total mortality risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for 4 groups of women and men, respectively, i.e., higher nutrient density, lower climate impact (HNutr/LClim); higher nutrient density, higher climate impact (HNutr/HClim); lower nutrient density, lower climate impact (LNutr/LClim); and lower nutrient density, higher climate impact (LNutr/HClim-reference group). Results: NRF11.3, a Sweden-adapted variant of the Nutrient Rich Foods index, was identified to have the best ability to predict mortality in the study population. Median follow-up times for women and men were 16.0 and 14.7 y, respectively. For women a significantly lower mortality risk was found for HNutr/LClim (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96; P = 0.008) and HNutr/HClim (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; P = 0.011) than for LNutr/HClim. Among men LNutr/LClim had a significantly higher mortality risk (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21; P = 0.033) than LNutr/HClim. Conclusions: Diets beneficial for both health and climate are feasible and associated with lower mortality risk in women. Further studies are needed to understand how men may transition into diets that are more sustainable from a combined health and climate perspective.
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| 4. |
- Stubbendorff, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an EAT-Lancet index and its relation to mortality in a Swedish population.
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 115:3, s. 705-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Current global food systems threaten human health and environmental sustainability. In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems defined the first global reference diet to improve both areas, but there is no consensus on how to quantify the EAT-Lancet reference diet as a diet index and its relation to mortality has not been widely studied. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new dietary index to quantify adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and assess its association with mortality in a large population-based Swedish cohort. We also examined food components included in the index and their individual associations with mortality. DESIGN: We used the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (n = 22,421, 45-73 years at baseline). Dietary data were collected using a modified diet history method. The EAT-Lancet index was developed based on intake levels and reference intervals of 14 food components defined in the EAT-Lancet diet (0-3 points per component, 0-42 points in total). Associations with mortality were examined based on registers during a mean of 20 years of follow-up and were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Divided into five adherence groups, the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet (≥23 points) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.85), cancer mortality (HR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.84) than the lowest adherence (≤13 points). Several food components included in the index contributed to the observed reductions in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a new dietary index to investigate adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. The findings indicate a 25% lower risk of mortality among those with the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, as defined using our index, which adds to the evidence base for the development of sustainable dietary guidelines.
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| 5. |
- Larché, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Localized Corrosion of High-Grade Stainless Steels : Grade Selection in Chlorinated Seawater
- 2023
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Ingår i: Corrosion. - : Association for Materials Protection and Performance. - 0010-9312 .- 1938-159X. ; 79:9, s. 997-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorination is widely used in seawater systems to avoid fouling and associated microbial-induced corrosion. Free chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent that prevents biofilm formation on immersed surfaces when used above a certain content. However, the presence of residual chlorine associated with the relatively high chloride content in seawater significantly increases the risk of localized corrosion for most stainless steels. In the present study, a module initially developed to quantify the formation of electroactive biofilms on stainless steels has been used to assess the corrosiveness of chlorinated seawater. Both the electrochemical potential and the cathodic current were measured on super-duplex stainless steel as a function of residual chlorine levels and seawater temperatures. In parallel, long-term localized corrosion tests have been performed in simulated environments to assess the environmental limits for the safe use of high-grade stainless steels in chlorinated seawater. It includes crevice corrosion exposure tests using adapted ISO 18070:2015 crevice formers and internal tube pitting corrosion exposure tests in model tube heat exchangers simulating heat flux from 35°C to 170°C. The synergetic effect of residual chlorine content and temperature on the risk of localized corrosion has been quantified. Corrosion resistance properties are correlated to the electrochemical monitoring data, and the environmental limits of selected base materials stainless steels have been established for duplex stainless steel UNS S32205, super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750, hyper-duplex stainless steels UNS S32707 and UNS S33207, and the high-grade austenitic stainless steel UNS S31266.
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