| 1. |
- Ahrén-Moonga, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Higher Parental and Grandparental Education and Higher School Grades With Risk of Hospitalization for Eating Disorders in Females : The Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 170:5, s. 566-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eating disorders are a leading cause of disease burden amongyoung women. This study investigated associations of socialcharacteristics of parents and grandparents, sibling position,and school performance with incidence of eating disorders. Theauthors studied Swedish females born in 1952–1989 (n =13,376), third-generation descendants of a cohort born in Uppsalain 1915–1929. Data on grandparental and parental socialcharacteristics, sibling position, school grades, hospitalizations,emigrations, and deaths were obtained by register linkages.Associations with incidence of hospitalization for eating disorderswere studied with multivariable Cox regression, adjusted forage and study period. Overall incidence of hospitalization foreating disorders was 32.0/100,000 person-years. Women with morehighly educated parents and maternal grandparents were at higherrisk (hazard ratio for maternal grandmother with higher educationrelative to elementary education = 6.5, 95% confidence interval:2.2, 19.3, adjusted for parental education). Independent offamily social characteristics, women with the highest schoolgrades had a higher risk of eating disorders (hazard ratio =7.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.5, 24.1 for high compared withlow grades in Swedish, adjusted for parental education). Thus,higher parental and grandparental education and higher schoolgrades may increase risk of hospitalization for eating disordersin female offspring, possibly because of high internal and externaldemands.
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| 2. |
- Bellavia, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep Duration and Survival Percentiles Across Categories of Physical Activity
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 179:4, s. 484-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between long sleep duration and death is not fully understood. Long sleep is associated with low physical activity, which is a strong predictor of death. Our aim was to investigate the association between sleep duration and death across categories of total physical activity in a large prospective cohort of Swedish men and women. We followed a population-based cohort of 70,973 participants (37,846 men and 33,127 women), aged 45-83 years, from January 1998 to December 2012. Sleep duration and physical activity levels were assessed through a questionnaire. We evaluated the association of interest in terms of mortality rates by estimating hazard ratios with Cox regression and in terms of survival by evaluating 15th survival percentile differences with Laplace regression. During 15 years of follow-up, we recorded 14,575 deaths (8,436 men and 6,139 women). We observed a significant interaction between sleep duration and physical activity in predicting death (P < 0.001). Long sleep duration (>8 hours) was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 1.39) and shorter survival (15th percentile difference = -20 months; 95% confidence interval: -30, -11) among only those with low physical activity. The association between long sleep duration and death might be partly explained by comorbidity with low physical activity.
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| 3. |
- Carlson, Elwood, et al.
(författare)
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Low-weight Neonatal Survival Paradox in the Czech Republic
- 1999
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 149:5, s. 447-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of vital statistics for the Czech Republic between 1986 and 1993, including 3,254 infant deaths from350,978 first births to married and single women who conceived at ages 18-29 years, revealed a neonatalsurvival advantage for low-weight infants born to disadvantaged (single, less educated) women, particularly fordeaths from congenital anomalies. This advantage largely disappeared after the neonatal period. The samepatterns have been observed for low-weight infants born to black women in the United States. Since the CzechRepublic had an ethnically homogenous population, virtually universal prenatal care, and uniform institutionalconditions for delivery, Czech results must be attributed to social rather than to biologic or medicalcircumstances. This strengthens the contention that in the United States, the black neonatal survival paradoxmay be due as much to race-related social stigmatization and consequent disadvantage as to any hypothesizedhereditary influences on birth-weight-specific survival. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149:447-53.
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| 4. |
- De Stavola, B. L., et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational correlations in size at birth and the contribution of environmental factors : The Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, Sweden, 1915-2002
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 174:1, s. 52-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data indicate an inverse association between dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and blood pressure (BP); however, much less is known about associations between urinary calcium and magnesium excretion and BP in general populations. The authors assessed the relation of BP to 24-hour excretion of calcium and magnesium in 2 cross-sectional studies. The International Study of Macro- and Micro-Nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) comprised 4,679 persons aged 40–59 years from 17 population samples in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) comprised 10,067 persons aged 20–59 years from 52 samples around the world. Timed 24-hour urine collections, BP measurements, and nutrient data from four 24-hour dietary recalls (INTERMAP) were collected. In multiple linear regression analyses, urinary calcium excretion was directly associated with BP. After adjustment for multiple confounders (including weight, height, alcohol intake, calcium intake, urinary sodium level, and urinary potassium intake), systolic BP was 1.9 mm Hg higher per each 4.1 mmol per 24 hours (2 standard deviations) of higher urinary calcium excretion (associations were smaller for diastolic BP) in INTERMAP. Qualitatively similar associations were observed in INTERSALT analyses. Associations between magnesium excretion and BP were small and nonsignificant for most of the models examined. The present data suggest that altered calcium homoeostasis, as exhibited by increased calcium excretion, is associated with higher BP levels.
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| 5. |
- Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Speed of Multimorbidity Accumulation in Old Age and Life Experiences : A Cohort Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 188:9, s. 1627-1636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapidly accumulating multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) during aging are associated with many adverse outcomes. We explored the association between 4 experiences throughout life-childhood socioeconomic circumstances, early-adulthood education, midlife occupational stress, and late-life social network-and the speed of chronic disease accumulation. We followed 2,589 individuals aged >= 60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen for 9 years (2001-2013). Information on life experiences was collected from detailed life-history interviews. Speed of disease accumulation was operationalized as the change in the count of chronic conditions obtained from clinical examinations, medical histories, laboratory data, drug use, and register linkages over 9 years. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data. Speed of disease accumulation was lower in individuals with more than elementary education (for secondary, beta x time = -0.065, 95% CI: -0.126, -0.004; for university, beta x time = -0.118, 95% CI: -0.185, -0.050); for active occupations compared with high-strain jobs (beta x time = -0.078, 95% CI: -0.138, -0.017); and for richer social networks (for moderate tertile, beta x time = -0.102, 95% CI: -0.149, -0.055; for highest tertile, beta x time = -0.135, 95% CI: -0.182, -0.088). The association between childhood circumstances and speed of disease accumulation was attenuated by later-life experiences. Diverse experiences throughout life might decelerate chronic disease accumulation during aging.
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| 6. |
- Einiö, Elina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Hospitalization for Cancer, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Injuries, or Poisonings Surrounding Widowhood
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 188:1, s. 110-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological distress has been indicated to affect the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and external causes. Mortality from these major causes of death is also known to be elevated after widowhood when distress is at a heightened level. Surprisingly little is known about changes in health other than mental and cardiac health shortly before widowhood. We used longitudinal data on widowed (n = 19,185) and continuously married (n = 105,939) individuals in Finland (1996-2002) to assess the risk of hospitalization for cancer and for external and musculoskeletal causes surrounding widowhood or random dates. We fitted population-averaged logit models using longitudinal data of older adults aged 65 years or over. The results show that hospitalization for injuries had already increased prior to widowhood and clearly peaked after it. The increases were largely related to falls. A similar increasing pattern of findings was not found around a random date for a group of continuously married individuals. Hospitalizations for cancer and musculoskeletal disorders appeared to be unrelated to the process of widowhood. Hospitalizations for poisonings increased after widowhood. The results imply that the process of widowhood is multifaceted and that various types of health changes should be studied separately and before the actual loss.
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| 7. |
- Fransson, Eleonor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Job strain as a risk factor for leisure-time physical inactivity : an individual-participant meta-analysis of up to 170,000 men and women
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - Cary : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 176:12, s. 1078-1089
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unfavorable work characteristics, such as low job control and too high or too low job demands, have been suggested to increase the likelihood of physical inactivity during leisure time, but this has not been verified in large-scale studies. The authors combined individual-level data from 14 European cohort studies (baseline years from 19851988 to 20062008) to examine the association between unfavorable work characteristics and leisure-time physical inactivity in a total of 170,162 employees (50 women; mean age, 43.5 years). Of these employees, 56,735 were reexamined after 29 years. In cross-sectional analyses, the odds for physical inactivity were 26 higher (odds ratio 1.26, 95 confidence interval: 1.15, 1.38) for employees with high-strain jobs (low control/high demands) and 21 higher (odds ratio 1.21, 95 confidence interval: 1.11, 1.31) for those with passive jobs (low control/low demands) compared with employees in low-strain jobs (high control/low demands). In prospective analyses restricted to physically active participants, the odds of becoming physically inactive during follow-up were 21 and 20 higher for those with high-strain (odds ratio 1.21, 95 confidence interval: 1.11, 1.32) and passive (odds ratio 1.20, 95 confidence interval: 1.11, 1.30) jobs at baseline. These data suggest that unfavorable work characteristics may have a spillover effect on leisure-time physical activity.
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| 8. |
- Gamborg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight and systolic blood pressure in adolescence and adulthood : meta-regression analysis of sex- and age-specific results from 20 Nordic studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 166:6, s. 634-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors investigated the shape, sex- and age-dependency, and possible confounding of the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 197,954 adults from 20 Nordic cohorts (birth years 1910-1987), one of which included 166,249 Swedish male conscripts. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed on estimates obtained from age- and sex-stratified analyses within each of the cohorts. There was an inverse association between birth weight and SBP, irrespective of adjustment for concurrent body mass index. The association was linear for males, but for females with a birth weight greater than 4 kg, SBP increased with birth weight (p < 0.01). The association was stronger in the older age groups (p < 0.05), although this could have been a birth cohort effect. The association was stronger among females than among males (p = 0.005) when birth weight was less than or equal to 4 kg. The estimated effect of birth weight on SBP at age 50 years was -1.52 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -2.27, -0.77) in men and -2.80 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -3.85, -1.76) in women. Exclusion of the Swedish conscripts produced nearly identical results. This meta-analysis supports the evidence of an inverse birth weight-SBP association, regardless of adjustment for concurrent body size. It also reveals important heterogeneity in the shape and strength of the association by sex and age.
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| 9. |
- Goisis, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced Maternal Age and the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery : a Within-Family Analysis Using Finnish Population Registers
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 186:11, s. 1219-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced maternal age at birth is considered a major risk factor for birth outcomes. It is unclear to what extent this association is confounded by maternal characteristics. To test whether advanced maternal age at birth independently increases the risk of low birth weight (< 2,500 g) and preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation), we compared between-family models (children born to different mothers at different ages) with within-family models (children born to the same mother at different ages). The latter procedure reduces confounding by unobserved parental characteristics that are shared by siblings. We used Finnish population registers, including 124,098 children born during 1987-2000. When compared with maternal ages 25-29 years in between-family models, maternal ages of 35-39 years and a parts per thousand40 years were associated with percentage increases of 1.1 points (95% confidence intervals: 0.8, 1.4) and 2.2 points (95% confidence intervals: 1.4, 2.9), respectively, in the probability of low birth weight. The associations are similar for the risk of preterm delivery. In within-family models, the relationship between advanced maternal age and low birth weight or preterm birth is statistically and substantively negligible. In Finland, advanced maternal age is not independently associated with the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery among mothers who have had at least 2 live births.
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| 10. |
- Goodman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between birth characteristics and eating disorders across the life course : findings from 2 million males and females born in Sweden, 1975–1998
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 179:7, s. 852-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth characteristics predict a range of major physical and mental disorders, but findings regarding eating disorders are inconsistent and inconclusive. This total-population Swedish cohort study identified 2,015,862 individuals born in 1975–1998 and followed them for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified until the end of 2010. We examined associations with multiple family and birth characteristics and conducted within-family analyses to test for maternal-level confounding. In total, 1,019 males and 15,395 females received an eating disorder diagnosis. Anorexia nervosa was independently predicted by multiple birth (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 1.53) for twins or triplets vs. singletons) and lower gestational age (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.98) per extra week of gestation, with a clear dose-response pattern. Within-family analyses provided no evidence of residual maternal-level confounding. Higher birth weight for gestational age showed a strong, positive dose-response association with bulimia nervosa (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.22, per each standard-deviation increase), again with no evidence of residual maternal-level confounding. We conclude that some perinatal characteristics may play causal, disease-specific roles in the development of eating disorders, including via perinatal variation within the normal range. Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted. Finally, several large population-based studies of anorexia nervosa have been conducted in twins; it is possible that these studies considerably overestimate prevalence.
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