| 1. |
- Cnattingius, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies : smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction
- 1997
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0002-9378. ; 177:1, s. 156-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Smoking is associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia, but what is the outcome of pregnancy when preeclampsia develops in women who smoke? STUDY DESIGN: Single births in Sweden from 1987 through 1993 to nulliparous women aged 15 to 34 years (N = 317,652) were included. Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted relative risks and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Maternal smoking was associated with significantly reduced risks of mild and severe preeclampsia (relative risks = 0.6 and 0.5, respectively). In pregnancies with severe preeclampsia, smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day was associated with increased rates of perinatal mortality (from 24 to 36 per 1000), abruptio placentae (from 31 to 67 per 1000), and being small for gestational age (from 28% to 68%), whereas the corresponding smoking-related increases in rates in nonhypertensive pregnancies were considerably less. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers in whom preeclampsia develops have very high risks of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and small-for-gestational-age infants.
|
|
| 2. |
- Forsberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal diabetes alters extracellular matrix protein levels in rat placentas
- 1998
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0002-9378. ; 179:3 Pt1, s. 772-778
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal diabetes affects placental levels of the extracellular matrix components fibronectin, laminin, and collagen-IV. STUDY DESIGN: Fibronectin, laminin, and collagen-IV deposition in term (day 20) rat placentas from normal and diabetic pregnancies was detected by use of Western blot, slot-blot, and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Increased placental and decreased fetal wet weight were found in offspring of manifestly diabetic rats compared with offspring of normal pregnancies. Laminin deposition was reduced whereas fibronectin levels were increased in placentas from diabetic rats. No diabetes-induced changes of collagen-IV expression and deposition were found. CONCLUSION: The diabetes-induced alterations of laminin and fibronectin protein levels in the fetal-maternal interface may affect placental development and alter gas exchange and nutrient transfer to the offspring. This may in turn contribute to the abnormal fetal development in diabetic pregnancy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Karlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Transvaginal ultrasonography of the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding--a Nordic multicenter study
- 1995
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - Mosby. - 0002-9378. ; 172:5, s. 1488-1494
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to use transvaginal ultrasonographic measurements to find the thickness of the endometrium below which the risk of endometrial abnormality in women with postmenopausal bleeding is low. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter study was carried out at eight clinics in four Nordic countries. The study included 1168 women with postmenopausal bleeding scheduled for curettage Before the curettage was performed, the thickness of the endometrium was measured with transvaginal ultrasonography. The measurement included both endometrial layers (double-layer technique). The transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement was compared with the histopathologic diagnosis of the curettage specimens. RESULTS: In women with atrophic endometrium the mean endometrial thickness (+/- SD) was 3.9 +/- 2.5 mm. The corresponding figures for women with endometrial cancer were 21.1 +/- 11.8 mm. No malignant endometrium was thinner than 5 mm. In 30 women (2.8%) it was not possible to measure the thickness of the endometrium; one of these women had endometrial cancer. The 95% confidence limit for the probability of excluding endometrial abnormality was 5.5% when the endometrial thickness was < or = 4 mm as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: The risk of finding pathologic endometrium at curettage when the endometrium is < or = 4 mm as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography is 5.5%. Thus in women with postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrium < or = 4 mm it would seem justified to refrain from curettage.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kristiansson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Reproductive hormones and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in serum as early markers of pelvic pain during late pregnancy
- 1999
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0002-9378. ; 180:1, s. 128-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVEThe object was to study serum concentrations of reproductive hormones and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in early pregnancy as markers of pelvic pain (sacral pain or symphyseal pain) during later pregnancy.STUDY DESIGNA prospective, clinical cohort study was performed, with repeated examinations of 200 women.RESULTSSerum concentrations of relaxin and serum concentrations of propeptide of type III procollagen (a collagen turnover marker) measured in early pregnancy were significantly correlated with pelvic pain with onset during pregnancy and reported in late pregnancy (positively and negatively, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, relaxin and propeptide of type III procollagen concentrations remained independently and significantly correlated with pelvic pain.CONCLUSIONSerum concentrations of relaxin and propeptide of type III procollagen measured in early pregnancy may reflect the cause of and indicate an increased risk of pelvic pain (back pain or symphyseal pain) during late pregnancy. The mechanism is unclear.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kristiansson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum relaxin, symphyseal pain, and back pain during pregnancy
- 1996
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0002-9378. ; 175:5, s. 1342-1347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to study the relationship between serum relaxin levels and back pain during pregnancy.STUDY DESIGN A prospective clinical cohort study with repeated examinations was performed.RESULTSThere was an initial increase of relaxin levels until a peak value at the twelfth week followed by a decline until the seventeenth week. Thereafter stable serum levels around 50% of the peak value were recorded. Three months after delivery serum relaxin was not detectable. There was a significant correlation between mean serum relaxin levels during the pregnancy and symphyseal pain or low back pain occurring during late pregnancy as measured by medical history or pain-provoking test. CONCLUSION Relaxin is known to remodel pelvic connective tissue in several mammalian species during pregnancy. The current data suggest that relaxin might be involved in the development of pelvic pain in pregnant women.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lose, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of desmopressin (Minirin) in the treatment of nocturia : a double-blind placebo-controlled study in women
- 2003
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0002-9378. ; 189:4, s. 1106-1113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia in women.STUDY DESIGN: Women aged 18 years or older with nocturia (>or=2 voids per night with a nocturia index score >1) received desmopressin (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, or 0.4 mg) during a 3-week dose-titration period. After a 1-week washout period, patients who responded in this period received desmopressin or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 weeks.RESULTS: In double-blind phase, 144 patients were randomly assigned to groups (desmopressin, n=72; placebo, n=72). For desmopressin, 33 (46%) patients had a 50% or greater reduction in nocturnal voids against baseline levels compared with 5 (7%) patients receiving placebo (P<.0001). The mean number of nocturnal voids, duration of sleep until the first nocturnal void, nocturnal diuresis, and ratios of nocturnal per 24 hours and nocturnal per daytime urine volumes changed significantly in favor of desmopressin versus placebo (P<.0001). In the dose-titration phase headache (22%), nausea (8%), and hyponatremia (6%) were reported. Two deaths occurred, although neither could be directly associated with the study drug.CONCLUSION: Oral desmopressin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for nocturia in women.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
