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Sökning: L773:0010 440X

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1.
  • Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al. (författare)
  • Low prevalence of smoking among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - Philadelphia, USA : Saunders Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 40:4, s. 268-272
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tobacco smoking is common among psychiatric patients, especially among those with schizophrenia, where the prevalence is extremely high, 74% to 88%, compared with 45% to 70% in patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with anxiety disorders are less well investigated in this respect, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Eighty-three psychiatric outpatients with OCD and 110 members of the Swedish OCD Association responded to questions concerning their smoking habits. Among OCD patients, 14% were current smokers (compared with 25% in the general population of Sweden), 72% had never smoked, and 11 previous smokers had stopped, mostly without any difficulties. Since a decreased smoking rate among OCD subjects was confirmed, the smoking prevalences in schizophrenia and OCD, respectively, seem to represent either end of a continuum, and OCD may also differ significantly from other anxiety disorders in this respect. Possible implications of this finding for the purported frontal lobe dysregulation in OCD are discussed.
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2.
  • Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 39:3, s. 122-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales. Further, the Swedish inventory had a reliable factor structure and test-retest performance. The results of this study confirm the theory of temperament and character as a seven-factor model of personality.
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4.
  • Nilsson, Elisabet W, et al. (författare)
  • Familial factors in anorexia nervosa: a community-based study.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X. ; 39:6, s. 392-399
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A group of 51 cases with teenage anorexia nervosa (AN; including a total population of cases from one birth cohort) were compared with a sex-, age-, and school-matched group of 51 cases on familial factors. The subjects were examined at age 16 and 21 years. In the first study, mothers of both groups were interviewed regarding physical and psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives. In the followup study, the subjects were interviewed according to the same structured interview schedule. The data from these interviews were deidentified, and case notes were prepared by a clinician blind to group status. The randomly assorted case notes were then submitted to an experienced psychiatrist who also was blind to group status. There were more relatives with a history and symptoms suggestive of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and major depression in the AN group. There was also significantly more death in first-degree relatives of anorexia nervosa cases. In respect to many axis I DSM-IV diagnoses, including eating disorders and substance abuse, there were no significant differences across groups. Instead we found PDD symptoms, major depression, and death in first-degree relatives to be important in the AN group.
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5.
  • Alenius, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Treatmentresponse in psychotic patients classified according to social and clinical needs, drug side effects, and previous treatment; a method to identify functional remission
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 50:5, s. 453-462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Various approaches have been made over the years to classify psychotic patients according to inadequate treatment response, using terms such as treatment resistant or treatment refractory. Existing classifications have been criticized for overestimating positive symptoms; underestimating residual symptoms, negative symptoms, and side effects; or being to open for individual interpretation. The aim of this study was to present and evaluate a new method of classification according to treatment response and, thus, to identify patients in functional remission. METHOD: A naturalistic, cross-sectional study was performed using patient interviews and information from patient files. The new classification method CANSEPT, which combines the Camberwell Assessment of Need rating scale, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser side effect rating scale (SE), and the patient's previous treatment history (PT), was used to group the patients according to treatment response. CANSEPT was evaluated by comparison of expected and observed results. RESULTS: In the patient population (n = 123), the patients in functional remission, as defined by CANSEPT, had higher quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, fewer psychotic symptoms, and higher rate of workers than those with the worst treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation, CANSEPT showed validity in discriminating the patients of interest and was well tolerated by the patients. CANSEPT could secure inclusion of correct patients in the clinic or in research.
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8.
  • Asp, Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Differences in antipsychotic treatment between depressive patients with and without a suicide attempt
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Depressed suicide attempters are, according to some earlier studies, treated more often with antipsychotics than depressive non-suicide attempters. Cluster B personality disorders, especially borderline personality disorder, are associated with a high suicide risk, and antipsychotics are commonly used for the reduction of symptoms. However, no previous study has taken comorbid personality disorders into account when assessing the use of antipsychotics in patients with unipolar depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical selection of pharmacotherapy in unipolar depression with and without a previous suicide attempt, taking into account potential confounders such as cluster B personality disorders. Methods: The study sample consisted of 247 patients with unipolar depression. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund, Sweden. Study participants were recruited from 4 different secondary psychiatric care clinics in Sweden and were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR with the MINI and SCID II. Previous and ongoing psychiatric treatments were investigated in detail and medical records were assessed. Results: Thirty percent of the patients had made previous suicide attempts. Depressed suicide attempters underwent both lifetime treatment with antipsychotics and an ongoing antipsychotic treatment significantly more often than non-attempters. Significances remained after a regression analysis, adjusting for cluster B personality disorders, symptom severity, age at the onset of depression, and lifetime psychotic symptoms. Conclusions: This is the first study to consider the effect of comorbidity with cluster B personality disorders when comparing treatment of depressive suicide and non-suicide attempters. Our findings suggest that suicide attempters are more frequently treated with antipsychotics compared to non-suicide attempters, regardless of cluster B personality disorder comorbidity. These findings are important for clinicians to consider and would also be relevant to future studies evaluating reduction of suicide risk with antipsychotics in patients with psychiatric comorbidity and a history of attempted suicide.
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9.
  • Brohede, Sabina, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among Swedish women: A population-based study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : WB Saunders. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 58, s. 108-115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a highly distressing and impairing preoccupation with nonexistent or slight defects in appearance. Patients with BDD present to both psychiatric and non-psychiatric physicians. A few studies have assessed BDD prevalence in representative samples of the general population and have demonstrated that this disorder is relatively common. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of BDD in the Swedish population because no data are currently available. Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 2891 randomly selected Swedish women aged 18-60 years participated. The occurrence of BDD was assessed using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), which is a validated self-report measure derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for BDD. In addition, symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: The prevalence of BDD among Swedish women was 2.1%. The women with BDD had significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than the women without BDD. Depression (HADS depression score greater than= 8) and anxiety (HADS anxiety score greater than= 8) were reported by 42% and 72% of the women with BDD, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that BDD is relatively common among Swedish women (2.1%) and that it is associated with significant morbidity.
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10.
  • Chotai, Jayanti, et al. (författare)
  • Novelty seeking among adult women is lower for the winter borns compared to the summer borns : replication in a large Finnish birth cohort
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 50:6, s. 562-566
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Earlier general population studies have shown that novelty seeking (NS) of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) of personality is lower for persons born in winter compared to those born in summer, particularly for women. Here, we investigate if this result can be replicated in another population. METHOD: The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, comprising 4968 subjects (2725 women, 2243 men), was investigated with regard to the temperament dimensions of the TCI and the season of birth. RESULTS: Novelty seeking and reward dependence (RD) showed significant variations according to the month of birth. We found that women born during winter have significantly lower levels of NS compared to women born during summer, with a minimum for the birth month November and maximum for May. These results are similar to those found in a previous Swedish study. Furthermore, our study showed that men born during spring had significantly lower mean scores of RD compared to men born during autumn, with a minimum for birth month March. This was in contrast to the Swedish study, where the minimum of RD was obtained for the birth month December. CONCLUSION: Women born in winter have lower NS as adults compared to women born in summer. Because NS is modulated by dopamine, this study gives further support to the studies in the literature that show that dopamine turnover for those born in winter is higher than for those born in summer.
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