| 1. |
- Baron, Opher, et al.
(författare)
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Bargaining within the Supply Chain and Its Implications in an Industry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decision Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0011-7315 .- 1540-5915. ; 47:2, s. 193-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our main objective is to investigate the influence of the bargaining power within a chain on its industry. As a building block, we first discuss the implications of bargaining within a single chain by considering an asymmetric Nash bargaining over the wholesale price (BW). We show that both Manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) and vertical integration (VI) strategies are special cases of the BW contract. We then develop the Nash equilibrium in an industry with two supply chains that use BW. We identify the profit-maximizing (coordinating) bargaining power within this industry. We show that when a chain is not monopolistic, VI does not coordinate the chain and that the MS contract, where the manufacturer has all the bargaining power, is coordinating when competition is intense. We find that the main determinant of the equilibrium in mature industries is to respond well to the actions of the competing chain rather than to directly maximize the profit of each chain. That is, the equilibrium does not necessarily maximize the profit of the entire industry. While a coordination of the industry could then increase the profitability of both chains, such a coordination is likely against antitrust law. Moreover, if one chain cannot change its actions, the other chain may unilaterally improve its profitability by deviating from the equilibrium. Our results lead to several predictions supported by empirical findings, such as that in competitive industries chains will work close to the MS contract.
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| 2. |
- Kiel, M, et al.
(författare)
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Information Technology Project Escalation: A Process Model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Decision Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1540-5915 .- 0011-7315. ; 39:2, s. 239-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information technology (IT) a common and costly problem. While much is known about the factors that promote escalation behavior, little is known about the actual escalation process. This article uses an in-depth case study to construct a process model of escalation, consisting of three phases: drift, unsuccessful incremental adaptation, and rationalized continuation. Each phase encompasses several within-phase escalation catalysts and the model also identifies triggering conditions that promote transition from one phase to the next: project framing (antecedent condition), problem emergence, increased problem visibility, and imminent threat to project continuation (triggering the outcome deescalation). The results show that escalation is not necessarily the result of collective belief in the infallibility of a project. Rather, escalation results from continued unsuccessful coping with problems that arise during a project. Furthermore, the results suggest that the seeds of escalation are sown early: the very manner in which a project is framed contributes to whether or not the project will become prone to escalation. As problems ensue, repeated mismatches between attempted remedies and underlying problems contribute to fueling the escalation process. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating external manufacturing of product modules
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decision Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0011-7315 .- 1540-5915. ; 47:6, s. 1178-1202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product modularization has changed gradually from mainly being a way to bring strategic flexibility into product design, to becoming a means to reach new suppliers in a globalized world. Use of external suppliers is facilitated by the ‘embedded coordination’ brought by standardized module interfaces which reduce the interdependence between modules manufactured by different suppliers. However, the distance between design and manufacturing is increased by heavy reliance on suppliers, and requires coordination between design and manufacturing. Hence, this paper aims to identify appropriate mechanisms to enable coordination of external manufacturing of product modules. The investigation is based on two case studies in one manufacturing company that has for long relied heavily on external suppliers. The case studies identify different means, coordination mechanisms, of handling the increased distance between design and manufacturing. In addition to organizational solutions, various intermediaries including especially the supply chain function act as bridges between design and manufacturing. The appropriate mechanism to use is decided by the character of the product and the degree of upgrading. We recommend openness to adaptation to situation dynamics rather than investment in optimizing the level of integration with a particular supplier.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Tianyu, et al.
(författare)
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Data-Driven Driver Dispatching System with Allocation Constraints and Operational Risk Management for a Ride-Sharing Platform
- 2020
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Ingår i: Decision Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0011-7315 .- 1540-5915. ; 51:6, s. 1490-1520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we develop and analyze a driver dispatching system for a control center that aims to minimize passengers' waiting time. The system imposes allocation constraints that ensure a minimum number of drivers in different regions to manage operational risk. The data-driven system is based on Rolling Time Horizon approach and utilizes knowledge learned from historical data. It incorporates a hybrid forecasting model and a heuristic algorithm to solve the off-line problem in each iteration. We show that the NP-hardness of the off-line problem lies in allocation constraints. We test the performance of the system with a simulation study based on actual past taxi order data. The result suggests that the system markedly decreases the average waiting time and saves planning time in comparison with the request-driven dispatching mode. The result also demonstrates that in nonextreme cases, the dispatching system finds an acceptable solution which approximately satisfies allocation constraints while guaranteeing a short increase in waiting time.
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| 5. |
- Wasko, Molly MacLure, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating knowledge through information trading : examining the relationship between boundary spanning communication and individual performance
- 2003
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Ingår i: Decision Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1540-5915 .- 0011-7315. ; 34:2, s. 261-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the global penetration of internet technologies, individuals may now cross organizational boundaries to communicate efficiently with others in various networks of practice regardless of time and space. Thus, when looking for help in solving work tasks, knowledge workers may just as easily contact individuals in rival firms across the globe as a coworker sitting at the next desk. As a result, management faces questions such as 1) how should firms manage employees' knowledge-sourcing activities when they span both intraorganizational and extra-organizational boundaries, and 2) what is the relationship between different knowledge-sourcing activities and individual performance? Grounded in the knowledge-based view of the firm, we investigate these questions using data from Europe's largest IT services and management consulting company. Our results provide evidence that organizations should support boundary spanning and participation in both internal and external networks of practice. Results suggest I) a positive relationship between boundary spanning communication and creativity and general performance and 2) a negative relationship between a reliance on colocated coworkers as knowledge sources and creativity.
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