| 1. |
- Asp, Julia, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of the p16 gene but not the p53 gene in human chondrosarcoma tissues.
- 2000
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 85:6, s. 782-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of two important tumour suppressor genes, p16 and p53, was evaluated in cartilaginous tumour tissues. Genomic DNA from 22 chondrosarcomas, 5 benign chondroid tumours, 1 sample of reactive proliferative cartilage and 2 samples of normal cartilage were analysed using polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformational polymorphism, DNA sequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The p16 gene was found to be partly methylated in 5 high-grade chondrosarcomas and homozygously deleted in 1 chondrosarcoma. Moreover, a polymorphism was detected in 3 malignant tumours, but not in benign tumours or normal cartilage. Analysis of the p53 gene revealed an unchanged structure in all samples. These findings show a role for p16, but not p53, in chondrosarcoma.
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| 2. |
- Asp, Julia, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in p14(ARF) do not play a primary role in human chondrosarcoma tissues.
- 2001
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 93:5, s. 703-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The locus encoding the tumor suppressor p16 has been found to code for a second, different protein. This protein, p14(ARF), has been shown to protect p53 from degradation. Like p16, its gene is often altered in different cancers. In this study, the first unique exon, exon 1 beta, of p14(ARF), has been studied in 22 chondrosarcoma tissues using polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. One chondrosarcoma was found to have exon 1 beta homozygously deleted, but neither mutations nor methylations were found in any of the chondrosarcomas. This indicates that genetic changes of p14(ARF) are a rare event in chondrosarcoma.
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| 3. |
- Tornblom, M, et al.
(författare)
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Lead time associated with screening for prostate cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 108:1, s. 122-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is now a major strategy for early detection of prostate cancer (PC). Quantification of the lead time thus obtained is important both for understanding the development of PC and for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of widespread screening. In our study, 1,233 randomly selected men living in Stockholm in 1988 were invited to participate in an early detection (ED) program, in which suspicious findings provided by digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and/or a PSA value greater than or equal to10.0 ng/mL were followed up by biopsy. The cumulative incidence (Kaplan-Meier) of PC in the 946 participants (ED) during 12 years of follow-up was compared to that of an age-matched, randomly selected reference population (RP) of 657 men for whom PSA values (from frozen serum samples) could also be obtained. The PC incidence in men in the RP with PSA values >3.0 ng/mL reached the corresponding level for the ED group after 10.6 years (the "catch-up" point). After 12 years of follow-up, the estimated median lead time for men with PSA values in this interval was 4.5 years in the ED population, compared to 7.8 years in the RP. With 20 years of follow-up, the estimated median lead time of the RP was enhanced to 10.7 years. The lead time in connection with PC was influenced by the initial PSA level (although with large variations), length of follow-up and sensitivity of the ED procedure employed. The ED program described here was not associated with major overdetection.
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| 4. |
- Rask, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of the transcription factors CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBBeta) and C/EBzeta (CHOP) correlate with invasiveness of human colorectal cancer.
- 2000
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 86:3, s. 337-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of cell differentiation is most often impaired in malignant tumors and may represent a key mechanism for the progression of the disease. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) is a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic gut development in rodents, which has also been detected in various malignancies, e.g., liposarcomas and breast and ovarian epithelial tumors. We studied the relationship between C/EBP and tumor histology (Duke's invasive stage and pathological grade) in colorectal cancer. Immunoblotting techniques were used on microdissected fresh frozen tumor specimens, and expression of C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta and C/EBPzeta (CHOP) was analyzed in addition to that of the cell-cycle regulator p53 and the proliferation marker PCNA. Expression of C/EBPbeta (LAP isoforms) was markedly increased in all tumors compared with normal colon mucosa. Although the inter-patient variability was large, we found that LIP, the isoform of C/EBPbeta known to inhibit transcription, was expressed at higher levels in Duke's stage B tumors compared with Duke's stage A, whereas Duke's C tumors had the lowest LIP expression. A similar relationship was seen for CHOP. The cell-cycle regulator gene p53 was the only factor that clearly correlated with pathological grade: a decrease in p53 expression was demonstrated. Our data suggest that genetic and cellular events involving C/EBPbeta and CHOP are important for tumor invasion and that these events do not appear to be related to the pathological grade of the tumor.
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| 5. |
- Annertz, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in Scandinavia, with special reference to young adults.
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 101:1, s. 95-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In several countries, increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue in young adults has been suspected during the last decades. Some reports indicate a lower survival rate for young patients compared to older patients. In other reports, there has not been any considerable difference in survival when comparing young adults to older patients, whereas some authors have shown better survival for young adults. This disease is rare in young adults, and early reports were based on comparable small numbers and selected patients. Our aim was first to perform a population-based study to determine if an increased incidence in SCC of the tongue could be verified in a larger population comprising the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway. A second aim was to determine survival rates for young adults compared to older patients. The material was based on the annual cancer incidence and survival reports from the Scandinavian cancer registries. The study period was 1960-1994. During that period, 5,024 SCCs of the tongue were reported. Of these, 276 (5.5%) were young adults (20-39 years). The incidence increased at all ages except for women 65-79 years old. The increase was most pronounced in young adults: 0.06-0.32 for men and 0.03-0.19 for women, counted by 100,000 person-years. Relative survival was significantly better for young adults compared to older patients.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, A, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 91:3, s. 421-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing evidence that excess body weight increases the risk of cancer at several sites, including kidney, endometrium, colon, prostate, gallbladder and breast in post-menopausal women. The proportion of all cancers attributable to overweight has, however, never been systematically estimated. We reviewed the epidemiological literature and quantitatively summarised, by meta-analysis, the relationship between excess weight and the risk of developing cancer at the 6 sites listed above. Estimates were then combined with sex-specific estimates of the prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI) 25-29 kg/m(2)] and obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) in each country in the European Union to obtain the proportion of cancers attributable to excess weight. Overall, excess body mass accounts for 5% of all cancers in the European Union, 3% in men and 6% in women, corresponding to 27,000 male and 45,000 female cancer cases yearly. The attributable proportion varied, in men, between 2.1% for Greece and 4.9% for Germany and, in women, between 3.9% for Denmark and 8.8% for Spain. The highest attributable proportions were obtained for cancers of the endometrium (39%), kidney (25% in both sexes) and gallbladder (25% in men and 24% in women). The largest number of attributable cases was for colon cancer (21,500 annual cases), followed by endometrium (14,000 cases) and breast (12,800 cases). Some 36,000 cases could be avoided by halving the prevalence of overweight and obese people in Europe.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 92:1, s. 155-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between physical activity and renal cell cancer is unclear. High occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk of renal cell cancer among men-but not among women-in two previous studies, while no association has been found for leisure time physical activity. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational and leisure time physical activity in a prospective cohort of 17,241 Swedish twins. Information on physical activity and a wide range of potential confounding factors was obtained through a mailed questionnaire. During follow-up from 1967 through 1997 we identified 102 cases of renal cell cancer. We found no evidence of an inverse association between either occupational or leisure time physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer in this prospective cohort.
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| 8. |
- Borgfeldt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Dedifferentiation of serous ovarian cancer from cystic to solid tumors is associated with increased expression of mRNA for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor (PAI-1)
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 92:4, s. 497-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plasminogen activating system is involved in tumor growth and metastasis by degradation of extracellular matrix, and modulation of cell adhesion and migration. Benign and well-differentiated malignant ovarian tumors present as cystic lesions with preserved glandular morphology, whereas poorly differentiated tumors and metastases are solid with characteristic absence of glandular morphology. We analyzed the mRNAs for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and inhibitor (PAI-1) in serous ovarian tumors by in situ hybridization and by densitometric scanning of Northern blots prepared from tissue extracts. The mRNA expressing cells in the in situ hybridization sections were evaluated and counted by two different observers. The number of mRNA expressing cells for uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 were all significantly increased in solid as compared with cystic malignant tumors. The increased expression of all three mRNA species was mainly located in the stroma of poorly differentiated tumors and metastases. Apart from being expressed in the stroma of these tumors, uPAR mRNA was also expressed by tumor cells located along the stromal/epithelial boarder. In addition, the tumor tissue content of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 mRNAs as measured by Northern blots were higher in the solid as compared with the cystic tumors. Increased expression of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 genes in the solid tumors suggest a correlation with a more aggressive phenotype.
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| 9. |
- Borgfeldt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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High tumor tissue concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with good prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 107:4, s. 658-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- volved in tumor growth and metastasis. We assayed the components of the uPA system in homogenates of 64 primary epithelial ovarian tumors and 5 metastases and evaluated the association of these parameters to prognosis in the 51 malignant cases. The levels of uPA, PAI-2 and the uPA: PAI-I complex increased with progressive loss of histological differentiation (P-trend <0.001, <0.05 and <0.001). The level of PAI-I was higher in poorly than in well/moderately differentiated tumors (p = 0.03). The content of uPAR was lower in benign tumors as compared to borderline malignancies (p = 0.002), invasive primary tumors (p < 0.001), and metastases (p = 0.002). Surprisingly, the level of uPAR was lower in poorly differentiated as compared to both borderline (p = 0.01) and well differentiated malignant tumors (p = 0.005). Also, the level of uPAR was lower in advanced as compared to early stages of the disease (P-trend = 0.002). The median follow-up time for patients was 5.8 years. High tumor tissue levels of uPAR were associated with longer postoperative survival (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8, p = 0.01). In contrast, shorter survival was evident in patients with high tumor levels of uPA from 2 years on after operation (HR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.2-17, p = 0.02). High tPA levels tended to be associated with shorter overall survival after 2 years (HR = 2.9, 95% 95% Cl = 0.9-9.8, p = 0.08). Although high tumor tissue content of uPAR was associated with a less aggressive phenotype characterized by well differentiated histology and longer survival, low content of uPAR in the poorly differentiated tumors and metastases presumably results from increased elimination of uPAR. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Carlomagno, F, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of DNA repair protein expression and activities between human fibroblast cell lines with different radiosensitivities.
- 2000
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 85:6, s. 845-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the molecular basis of variation in response to ionising radiation (IR) in radiotherapy patients, we have studied the expression of several genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair pathways in fibroblast cell lines. Ten lines were established from skin biopsies of cancer patients with different normal-tissue reactions to IR, and 3 from a control individual. For all 10 test cell lines, the cellular radiosensitivity was also known. Using Western blots we measured, in non-irradiated cells, the basal expression levels of ATM, Rad1 and Hus1, involved in the control of cellular DNA damage checkpoints, together with DNA-PKcs, Ku70, Ku80; XRCC4, ligaseIV and Rad51, involved in radiation- induced DSB repair. We also analysed the in vitro enzymatic activities, under non-irradiated conditions, of the DNA-PK and XRCC4/ligaseIV complexes. The levels of expression of the different proteins were similar in all the cell lines, but the activities of the DNA-PK and XRCC4/ligaseIV complexes showed some differences. These differences did not correlate with either the normal tissue response of the patient in vivo or with cellular radiation sensitivity in vitro. The activity differences of these enzyme complexes, therefore, do not account for the variation of responses seen between patients.
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