| 1. |
- Asmala, Eero, et al.
(författare)
-
A reply to the comment by Karlsson et al.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 64:4, s. 1832-1833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Asmala, Eero, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficiency of the coastal filter : Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 62, s. 222-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important function of coastal ecosystems is the reduction of the nutrient flux from land to the open sea, the coastal filter. In this study, we focused on the two most important coastal biogeochemical processes that remove nitrogen and phosphorus permanently: denitrification and phosphorus burial. We compiled removal rates from coastal systems around the Baltic Sea and analyzed their spatial variation and regulating environmental factors. These analyses were used to scale up denitrification and phosphorus burial rates for the entire Baltic Sea coastal zone. Denitrification rates ranged from non-detectable to 12 mmol N m−2 d−1, and correlated positively with both bottom water nitrate concentration and sediment organic carbon content. The rates exhibited a strong decreasing gradient from land to the open coast, which was likely driven by the availability of nitrate and labile organic carbon, but a high proportion of non-cohesive sediments in the coastal zone decreased the denitrification efficiency relative to the open sea. Phosphorus burial rates varied from 0.21 g P m−2 yr−1 in open coastal systems to 2.28 g P m−2 yr−1 in estuaries. Our analysis suggests that archipelagos are important phosphorus traps and account for 45% of the coastal P removal, while covering only 17% of the coastal areas. High burial rates could partly be sustained by phosphorus import from the open Baltic Sea. We estimate that the coastal filter in the Baltic Sea removes 16% of nitrogen and 53% of phosphorus inputs from land.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hermans, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
-
Coupled dynamics of iron, manganese, and phosphorus in brackish coastal sediments populated by cable bacteria
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 66:7, s. 2611-2631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal waters worldwide suffer from increased eutrophication and seasonal bottom water hypoxia. Here, we assess the dynamics of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus (P) in sediments of the eutrophic, brackish Gulf of Finland populated by cable bacteria. At sites where bottom waters are oxic in spring, surface enrichments of Fe and Mn oxides and high abundances of cable bacteria were observed in sediments upon sampling in early summer. At one site, Fe and P were enriched in a thin layer (~ 3 mm) just below the sediment–water interface. X-ray absorption near edge structure and micro X-ray fluorescence analyses indicate that two-thirds of the P in this layer was associated with poorly crystalline Fe oxides, with an additional contribution of Mn(II) phosphates. The Fe enriched layer was directly overlain by a Mn oxide-rich surface layer (~ 2 mm). The Fe oxide layer was likely of diagenetic origin, formed through dissolution of Fe monosulfides and carbonates, potentially induced by cable bacteria in the preceding months when bottom waters were oxic. Most of the Mn oxides were likely deposited from the water column as part of a cycle of repeated deposition and remobilization. Further research is required to confirm whether cable bacteria activity in spring indeed promotes the formation of distinct layers enriched in Fe, Mn, and P minerals in Gulf of Finland sediments. The temporal variations in biogeochemical cycling in this seasonally hypoxic coastal system, potentially controlled by cable bacteria activity, have little impact on permanent sedimentary Fe, Mn, and P burial.
|
|
| 4. |
- van Helmond, Niels A.G.M., et al.
(författare)
-
Recovery from multi-millennial natural coastal hypoxia in the Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea, terminated by modern human activity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : WILEY. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 65:12, s. 3085-3097
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced nutrient input and warming have led to the development of low oxygen (hypoxia) in coastal waters globally. For many coastal areas, insight into redox conditions prior to human impact is lacking. Here, we reconstructed bottom water redox conditions and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the coastal Stockholm Archipelago over the past 3000 yr. Elevated sedimentary concentrations of molybdenum indicate (seasonal) hypoxia between 1000b.c.e.and 1500c.e. Biomarker-based (TEX86) SST reconstructions indicate that the recovery from hypoxia after 1500c.e.coincided with a period of significant cooling (similar to 2 degrees C), while human activity in the study area, deduced from trends in sedimentary lead and existing paleobotanical and archeological records, had significantly increased. A strong increase in sedimentary lead and zinc, related to more intense human activity in the 18(th)and 19(th)century, and the onset of modern warming precede the return of hypoxia in the Stockholm Archipelago. We conclude that climatic cooling played an important role in the recovery from natural hypoxia after 1500c.e., but that eutrophication and warming, related to modern human activity, led to the return of hypoxia in the 20(th)century. Our findings imply that ongoing global warming may exacerbate hypoxia in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea.
|
|
| 5. |
- Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., et al.
(författare)
-
Large differences between carbon and nutrient loss rates along the land to ocean aquatic continuum-implications for energy:nutrient ratios at downstream sites
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 62, s. S183-S193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The balance between the availability of energy and nutrients is decisive for the growth and survival of organisms. Here, we evaluated how energy, in this study expressed as total carbon (TC), is lost along the land to ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) in relation to nutrients, i.e., total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total iron (TFe), and dissolved silica (DSi). For the evaluation, we used data from 4774 lakes, 149 streams, and 52 river mouths from the boreal region. We found that the loss of all chemical variables followed a first order decay function along the LOAC with shortest half-lives for TFe and DSi (410 d and 568 d, respectively). The half-life of TC was more than twice as long as for TFe and DSi, resulting in rapidly increasing TC:TFe and TC:DSi ratios along the LOAC. In contrast, TC:TP and TC:TN ratios decreased along the LOAC. The TC and TFe concentration declines along the LOAC were quantitatively similar to the TC and TFe concentration declines from winter to summer, indicating that similar drivers are responsible for spatial and seasonal TC and TFe losses in inland waters. We conclude that the energy:nutrient ratio rapidly changes along the LOAC with an increasing surplus of energy in relation to TFe and DSi the longer water stays in the landscape. These findings have implications for the growth of aquatic organisms along the LOAC, where organisms are likely to become increasingly iron and silica limited with increasing water retention in the landscape.
|
|
| 6. |
- Zhang, Zhouling, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of human disturbance on the biogeochemical silicon cycle in a coastal sea revealed by silicon isotopes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 65:3, s. 515-528
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycling in coastal systems is highly influenced by anthropogenic perturbations in recent decades. Here, we present a systematic study on the distribution of stable Si isotopes of dissolved silicate (delta Si-30(DSi)) in a highly eutrophic coastal system, the Baltic Sea. Besides the well-known processes, diatom production and dissolution regulating delta Si-30(DSi) values in the water column, we combined field data with a box model to examine the role of human disturbances on Si cycling in the Baltic Sea. Results reveal that (1) damming led to increased delta Si-30(DSi) values in water but had little impacts on their vertical distribution; (2) decrease in saltwater inflow due to enhanced thermal stratification had negligible impacts on the delta Si-30(DSi) distribution. An atypical vertical distribution of delta Si-30(DSi) with higher values in deep water (1.57-1.95 parts per thousand) relative to those in surface water (1.24-1.68 parts per thousand) was observed in the central basin. Model results suggest the role of enhanced biogenic silica (BSi) deposition and subsequently regenerated dissolved silicate (DSi) flux from sediments. Specifically, eutrophication enhances diatom production, resulting in elevated exports of highly fractionated BSi to deep water and sediments. In situ sedimentary geochemical processes, such as authigenic clay formation, further fractionate Si isotopes and increase pore-water delta Si-30(DSi) values, which then leads to pore-water DSi flux carrying higher delta Si-30(DSi) compositions into deep water. Our findings provide new quantitative information on how the isotope-based Si cycle responds to human perturbations in coastal seas and shed lights on shifts of Si export to open ocean.
|
|
