| 1. |
- Attermeyer, Katrin, et al.
(author)
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Potential terrestrial influence on transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) concentrations in boreal freshwaters
- 2019
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In: Journal of limnology. - : Wiley. - 1129-5767 .- 1723-8633. ; 64:6, s. 2455-2466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and contribute, for example, to sedimentation of organic matter in oceans and freshwaters. Earlier studies indicate that the formation of TEP is related to the in situ activity of phytoplankton or bacteria. However, terrestrial sources of TEP and TEP precursors are usually not considered. We investigated TEP concentration and its driving factors in boreal freshwaters, hypoth- esizing that TEP and TEP precursors can enter freshwaters via terrestrial inputs. In a field survey, we measured TEP concentrations and other environmental factors across 30 aquatic ecosystems in Sweden. In a mesocosm experi- ment, we further investigated TEP dynamics over time after manipulating terrestrial organic matter input and light conditions. The TEP concentrations in boreal freshwaters ranged from 83 to 4940 μg Gum Xanthan equivalent L−1, which is comparable to other studies in freshwaters. The carbon fraction in TEP in the sampled boreal freshwaters is much higher than the phytoplanktonic carbon, in contrast to previous studies in northern temperate and Medi- terranean regions. Boreal TEP concentrations were mostly related to particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and optical indices of terrestrial influence but less influenced by bacterial abundance, bacterial production, and chlorophyll a. Hence, our results do not support a major role of the phytoplankton community or aquatic bac- teria on TEP concentrations and dynamics. This suggests a strong external control of TEP concentrations in boreal freshwaters, which can in turn affect particle dynamics and sedimentation in the recipient aquatic ecosystem.
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| 2. |
- Casas-Ruiz, Joan P., et al.
(author)
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A tale of pipes and reactors : Controls on the in-stream dynamics of dissolved organic matter in rivers
- 2017
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 62, s. S85-S94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The potential for rivers to alter the flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land to ocean is widely accepted. Yet anticipating when and where rivers behave as active reactors vs. passive pipes of DOM stands as a major knowledge gap in river biogeochemistry, resulting in uncertainties for global carbon models. Here, we investigate the controls on in-stream DOM dynamics by evaluating changes in DOM concentration and composition along several reaches of a medium-sized river network over one full hydrological year. Roughly half of the observations over time and space showed active reactor conditions and, among these, similar pro-portion of gains and losses was measured. High water residence times promoted the active over passive behavior of the reaches, while DOM properties and nitrate availability determined whether they supplied or removed DOM from the river. Among different DOM fractions, protein-like DOM both of terrestrial and aquatic origin seemed to drive bulk DOM patterns. Our study emphasizes the role of water residence time as a physical constraint for in-stream processes, and provides new insights into the key factors governing the net balance between in-stream gains and losses of DOM in rivers.
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| 3. |
- Catalán, Núria, et al.
(author)
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Absence of a priming effect on dissolved organic carbon degradation in lake water
- 2015
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 60:1, s. 159-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The idea that small amounts of labile organic carbon might trigger the degradation of previously unreactive organic matter has attracted increasing scientific interest across multiple disciplines. Although this phenomenon, referred to as priming, has been widely reported in soils, evidence in freshwater systems is scarce and inconclusive. Here, we use a multifactorial microcosm experiment to test the conditions under which priming may be observed in freshwater ecosystems. We assessed the effect of pulse additions of three labile carbon sources (acetate, glucose, and cellobiose) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) consumption using water from lakes with different trophic states (eutrophic to oligotrophic and clear to brownwater lakes). We further analyzed the effect of nutrient availability and the role of attachment of cells to surfaces. Despite the range of conditions tested, we found no clear evidence of a priming effect on DOC degradation, indicating that priming in freshwater systems may be of limited importance.
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| 4. |
- Chmiel, Hannah Elisa, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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The role of sediments in the carbon budget of a small boreal lake
- 2016
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 61:5, s. 1814-1825
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the role of lake sediments as carbon (C) source and sink in the annual C budget of a small (0.07 km2), shallow (mean depth 3.4 m), and humic lake (mean DOC concentration 17 mg L-1) in boreal Sweden. Organic carbon (OC) burial and mineralization in sediments were quantified from 210Pb-dated sediment and laboratory sediment incubation experiments, respectively, and upscaled to the entire basin and to one whole year, by using sediment thickness derived sub-bottom profiling, basin morphometry, and water column monitoring data of temperature and oxygen concentration. Furthermore, catchment C import, open water metabolism, photochemical mineralization as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere, were quantified to relate sediment processes to other lake C fluxes. We found that on a whole-basin and annual scale, sediment OC mineralization was three times larger than OC burial, and contributed about 16% to the annual CO2 emission from the lake to the atmosphere. Remaining contributions to the CO2 emission were attributed to water column metabolism (31%), photochemical mineralization (6%), and catchment imports via inlet streams and inflow of shallow groundwater (47%). We conclude that on an annual and whole-basin scale 1) sediment OC mineralization dominated over OC burial, 2) water column OC mineralization contributed more than sediments to lake CO2 emission, and 3) catchment import of C to the lake was greater than lake-internal C cycling.
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| 5. |
- Grasset, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Large but variable methane production in anoxic freshwater sediment upon addition of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter
- 2018
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 63:4, s. 1488-1501
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important question in the context of climate change is to understand how CH4 production is regulated in anoxic sediments of lakes and reservoirs. The type of organic carbon (OC) present in lakes is a key factor controlling CH4 production at anoxic conditions, but the studies investigating the methanogenic potential of the main OC types are fragmented. We incubated different types of allochthonous OC (alloOC; terrestrial plant leaves) and autochthonous OC (autoOC; phytoplankton and two aquatic plants species) in an anoxic sediment during 130 d. We tested if (1) the supply of fresh alloOC and autoOC to an anoxic refractory sediment would fuel CH4 production and if (2) autoOC would decompose faster than alloOC. The addition of fresh OC greatly increased CH4 production and the δ13C-CH4 partitioning indicated that CH4 originated exclusively from the fresh OC. The large CH4 production in an anoxic sediment fueled by alloOC is a new finding which indicates that all systems with anoxic conditions and high sedimentation rates have the potential to be CH4 emitters. The autoOC decomposed faster than alloOC, but the total CH4 production was not higher for all autoOC types, one aquatic plant species having values as low as the terrestrial leaves, and the other one having values as high as phytoplankton. Our study is the first to report such variability, suggesting that the extent to which C fixed by aquatic plants is emitted as greenhouse gases or buried as OC in sediment could more generally differ between aquatic vegetation types.
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| 6. |
- Grasset, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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The transformation of macrophyte-derived organic matter to methane relates to plant water and nutrient contents
- 2019
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 64:4, s. 1737-1749
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Macrophyte detritus is one of the main sources of organic carbon (OC) in inland waters, and it is potentially available for methane (CH4) production in anoxic bottom waters and sediments. However, the transformation of macrophyte‐derived OC into CH4 has not been studied systematically, thus its extent and relationship with macrophyte characteristics remains uncertain. We performed decomposition experiments of macrophyte detritus from 10 different species at anoxic conditions, in presence and absence of a freshwater sediment, in order to relate the extent and rate of CH4 production to the detritus water content, C/N and C/P ratios. A significant fraction of the macrophyte OC was transformed to CH4 (mean = 7.9%; range = 0–15.0%) during the 59‐d incubation, and the mean total C loss to CO2 and CH4 was 17.3% (range = 1.3–32.7%). The transformation efficiency of macrophyte OC to CH4 was significantly and positively related to the macrophyte water content, and negatively to its C/N and C/P ratios. The presence of sediment increased the transformation efficiency to CH4 from an average of 4.0% (without sediment) to 11.8%, possibly due to physicochemical conditions favorable for CH4 production (low redox potential, buffered pH) or because sediment particles facilitate biofilm formation. The relationship between macrophyte characteristics and CH4 production can be used by future studies to model CH4 emission in systems colonized by macrophytes. Furthermore, this study highlights that the extent to which macrophyte detritus is mixed with sediment also affects CH4 production.
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| 7. |
- Guillemette, Francois, et al.
(author)
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Unraveling the size-dependent optical properties of dissolved organic matter
- 2018
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 63:2, s. 588-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The size‐dependent optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from four Swedish lakes were investigated using High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) in conjunction with online characterization of absorbance (240–600 nm) and fluorescence (excitation: 275 nm, emission: 300–600 nm). The molecular size of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) was consistently higher than that of fluorescent DOM (FDOM), with an average difference of 0.37 kDa. The relative abundance of FDOM vs. CDOM ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 across lakes, and increased with decreasing average molecular size. Across sites, the CDOM spectral slopes of the large molecular size fraction were highly similar while the low molecular size fraction differed and contributed to different bulk spectral slopes. Our results indicate structural congruence of high molecular size DOM across systems while lake trophic status determined the characteristics of the low size range. Furthermore, the combination of HPSEC and parallel factor analysis (HPSEC‐PARAFAC2) allowed the decomposition of DOM fluorescence chromatograms. Three humic‐like components and one protein‐like component with broadly overlapping molecular size distributions were identified. This overlap provides further evidence for the supramolecular assembly hypothesis since fluorophores, as revealed by PARAFAC2, occur in aggregates of overlapping molecular size. Our results further suggest a link between the molecular size of these fluorophores and the associated supramolecular assemblies. This study demonstrates the potential for HPSEC and novel mathematical approaches to provide unprecedented insights into the relationship between optical and chemical properties of DOM in aquatic systems.
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| 8. |
- Herrero Ortega, Sonia, et al.
(author)
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High methylmercury formation in ponds fueled by fresh humic and algal derived organic matter
- 2018
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 63, s. S44-S53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neurotoxic methylmercury causes adverse effects to ecosystem viability and human health. Previous studies have revealed that ponding alters natural organic matter (NOM) composition and increase methylmercury concentrations in rivers, especially in the first years after flooding. Here, we investigate the influence of NOM composition (i.e., sources and degradation status) on mercury methylation rate constants in nine boreal beaver ponds of different ages across Sweden. We show that increased methylmercury concentrations in surface waters is a consequence of enhanced mercury methylation in the pond sediments. Moreover, our results reveal that during the first years after the initial flooding, mercury methylation rates are fueled by the amount of fresh humic substances released from the flooded soils and by an increased production of algal-derived NOM triggered by enhanced nutrient availability. Our findings indicate that impoundment-induced changes in NOM composition control mercury methylation processes, causing the raise in MeHg levels in ponds.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Koehler, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Apparent quantum yield of photochemical dissolvedorganic carbon mineralization in lakes
- 2016
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 61:6, s. 2207-2221
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Up to one tenth of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from inland waters worldwide are directly inducedby the photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The photochemical production ofdissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) per photon absorbed by chromophoric DOM (CDOM) decreases exponentiallywith increasing irradiance wavelength, and is commonly described by an “apparent quantum yield”(AQY) spectrum. Although an essential model parameter to simulate photochemical mineralization the AQYremains poorly constrained. Here, the AQY of photochemical DIC production for 25 lakes located in boreal,polar, temperate, and tropical areas, including four saline lagoons, was measured. The wavelength-integratedAQY (300–500 nm; mol DIC mol CDOM-absorbed photons21) ranged from 0.05 in an Antarctic lake to 0.61in a humic boreal lake, averaging 0.2460.03 SE. AQY was positively linearly correlated with the absorptioncoefficient at 420 nm (a420) as a proxy for CDOM content (R2 of 0.64 at 300 nm and 0.26 at 400 nm), withspecific UV absorption coefficients as a proxy for DOM aromaticity (R2 of 0.56 at 300 nm and 0.38 at400 nm), and with the humification index (R2 of 0.41 at 300 nm and 0.42 at 400 nm). Hence, a considerablefraction of the AQY variability was explained by water optical properties in inland waters. The correlation ofAQY with a420 opens up the possibility to improve large-scale model estimates of sunlight-induced CO2 emissionsfrom inland waters based on water color information derived by satellite remote sensing.
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