| 1. |
- Dahllöf, Ingela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of TBT on the Structure of a Marine Sediment Community - a Boxcosm Study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 42:8, s. 689-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) on an intact marine sediment community after five months exposure was investigated. Changes in the structure of macro- and meiofauna communities were determined, as well as the functional diversity of the microbial community using BIOLOG microplates for Gram negative bacteria. Development of tolerance in the microbial community was investigated using Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) experiments with fluxes of nutrients as effect indicators. TBT affected the structure and recruitment of the macro- and meiofauna at nominal additions of 30137 mol TBT/m2 sediment. Number of species, diversity, biomass and community similarity was reduced at these concentrations compared to control. Species that molt seemed to be the most tolerant since they were predominant in boxes that had received the highest TBT addition and echinoderms were the most sensitive species. Renewed addition of TBT in PICT experiments with sediment from each boxcosm showed that TBT had an effect on individual nutrient fluxes from all sediments. Analyses of the flux patterns revealed a memory of previous TBT exposure, either due to induced tolerance or other community conditioning.
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| 2. |
- Engwall, Magnus, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Dioxin-like compounds in HPLC-fractionated extracts of marine samples from the east and west coast of Sweden : bioassay- and instrumentally-derived TCDD equivalents
- 1997
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 34:12, s. 1032-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipophilic extracts of sediment, settling particulate matter (SPM) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) samples, collected at coastal locations on the east and west coast of Sweden, were HPLC-separated into three fractions containing 1. monoaromatic/aliphatic, 2. diaromatic (e,g, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuraus (PCDDs/Fs)), and 3, polyaromatic compounds (e,g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), The fractions were tested for dioxin-like effects using a sensitive bioassay, based on EROD-induction in cultured chicken embryo livers, The concentrations of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and 15 PAHs in the samples were also determined, The polyaromatic fractions of the sediment samples were more potent as EROD-inducers than the diaromatic fractions, Only a small part of the EROD-induction caused by the polyaromatic fractions could be explained by the analysed PAHs in the samples, indicating presence of non-quantified polyaromatic EROD-inducing compounds in the samples, A greater pollution by EROD-inducing diaromatic and polyaromatic compounds on the east coast site than on the west coast site was seen, The filtration activities and faeces production of the mussels on the east coast experimental site increased the sedimentation of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and PAHs, The described bioassay proved very useful in the assessment of dioxin-like compounds in both abiotic and biotic samples from the marine environment,
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| 3. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951-
(författare)
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Differentiation and evaluation of the uncertainty of nutrient measurements that relate to field and laboratory activities
- 1999
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 38:5, s. 407-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When accrediting an environmental monitoring programme, including sampling, storage and analyses of seawater, it is desirable to provide an estimate of the uncertainty of individual components that affect the results, The aim of this study was to clarify the significance between different contributors to the total uncertainty. The Mann-Whitney statistical test showed that the uncertainty associated with sampling conditions was significant when analysing ammonia, nitrite and phosphate, Analyses of ammonia, also showed that the fine structure 'patchiness' of the seawater, reinforced the outdoor contribution of uncertainty.
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| 4. |
- Pettersson, Håkan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of IAEA-MEL's investigation of Kara Sea radioactivity and radiological assessment
- 1997
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 35:7-12, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater investigations, laboratory analyses of water, sediment and biota samples, the development of a marine radioactivity database, modelling and radiological assessment, the organization of intercomparison exercises and the evaluation of distribution coefficients. Radiometric investigations have shown that no radiologically significant environmental contamination has occurred. Leakages which have led to locally increased levels of radionuclides in sediment have only been observed in Stepovoy and Abrosimov Bays. Computer modelling results suggest that only radiological effects on local and regional scales may be of importance. The global radiological impact of the disposals in the Arctic Seas will be negligible.
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| 5. |
- Södergren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of organochlorine residues after incineration to air, water, microlayer, and organisms
- 1990
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 21:1, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory system designed to study the distribution of airborne emissions originating from sources such as incineration, the fates of PICs (products of incomplete combustion) of trichloroethylene and PCBs were followed. The airborne substances introduced over a body of water were deposited onto the surface of the water and became enriched in the surface microlayer. They were taken up by organisms in the subsurface water, resulting in an accumulation of PICs and PCBs by fish in amounts up to 103–106 times those measured in the water. A relationship existed between the concentrations of the organochlorine residues in the air and those in the microlayer and water.
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| 6. |
- Wiberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective analysis of organochlorine pesticides in herring and seal from the Swedish marine environment
- 1998
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 36:5, s. 345-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors influencing the changes of enantiomeric ratios (ERs) in herring (Clupea harengus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and ringed seal (Phoca hispida) collected along the Swedish coastline were studied by enantioselective high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). Three-year-old male and female herring individuals from different sampling sites were selected, whereas seal blubber and liver samples represented different species, sexes and geographical locations. Enantioselective analysis of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), chlordanes and chlordane metabolites were performed. In general, herring showed similar ERs within the Baltic Sea. Results indicate that species specific differences are important factors controlling the ERs of Baltic seals. Inverse ERs in seal blubber and liver, and a low deviation from the racemic ratio of some components in the liver, indicate that not only enantioselective degradation but also stereoselectivity of other processes are responsible for the changes of ERs in biota.
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| 7. |
- Al-Qaradawi, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
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Radioactivity levels in the marine environment along the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 90:1-2, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study on (137)Cs, (40)K, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, and (238)U was carried out along the EEZ of Qatar. Results serve as the first ever baseline data. The level of (137)Cs (mean value 1.6±0.4Bqm(-3)) in water filters was found to be in the same order of magnitude as reported by others in worldwide marine radioactivity studies. Results are also in agreement with values reported from other Gulf regions. The computed values of sediment-water distribution coefficients Kd, are lower than the values given by IAEA. Measurements were carried out for bottom sediments, biota samples like fish, oyster, sponge, seashell, mangrove, crab, shrimp, starfish, dugong and algae. The 'concentration factors' reported for biota samples are below the levels published by IAEA and cause no significant impact on human health for seafood consumers in Qatar.
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| 8. |
- Allers, E., et al.
(författare)
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Resistance of Lophelia pertusa to coverage by sediment and petroleum drill cuttings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X. ; 74:1, s. 132-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In laboratory experiments, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa was exposed to settling particles. The effects of reef sediment, petroleum drill cuttings and a mix of both, on the development of anoxia at the coral surface were studied using O2, pH and H2S microsensors and by assessing coral polyp mortality. Due to the branching morphology of L. pertusa and the release of coral mucus, accumulation rates of settling material on coral branches were low. Microsensors detected H2S production in only a few samples, and sulfate reduction rates of natural reef sediment slurries were low (<0.3 nmol S cm−3 d−1). While the exposure to sediment clearly reduced the coral’s accessibility to oxygen, L. pertusa tolerated both partial low-oxygen and anoxic conditions without any visible detrimental short-term effect, such as tissue damage or death. However, complete burial of coral branches for >24 h in reef sediment resulted in suffocation.
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| 9. |
- Apraiz, Itxaso, et al.
(författare)
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Peroxisomal proteomics, biomonitoring in mussles after the Prestige's oil spill
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 58:12, s. 1815-1826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxisomal proteomics was applied to assess possible biological effects after the Prestige's oil spill. Mussels were sampled in July 2004 and 2005 in four stations in the NW (closest to the spill) and NE coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. Principal components analysis (PCA) suggested differences in protein expression among stations and sampling years. Several proteins were putatively identified by mass spectrometry and immunolocalization. PC1 separated the NW stations in 2004 from the rest of the stations and sampling years mainly due to up-regulation of peroxisomal β-oxidation proteins and PMP70. PC3 separated the NE-stations, based on up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in 2004 compared to 2005. PC4 separated the stations in the NE and the NW. This work shows that environmental proteomics, together with multivariate data analysis, could provide information to interpret the effects of oil spills at cellular level in mussels also in the absence of historical data.
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| 10. |
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