| 1. |
- Baral, Anirban, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring exocytosis using chemical genomics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 113, s. 14-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Bas, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Butyrophilin-like 1 encodes an enterocyte protein that selectively regulates functional interactions with T lymphocytes.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 108:11, s. 4376-81
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although local regulation of T-cell responses by epithelial cells is increasingly viewed as important, few molecules mediating such regulation have been identified. Skint1, a recently identified member of the Ig-supergene family expressed by thymic epithelial cells and keratinocytes, specifies the murine epidermal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) repertoire. Investigating whether Skint1-related molecules might regulate IEL in other compartments, this study focuses on buytrophilin-like 1 (Btnl1), which is conspicuously similar to Skint1 and primarily restricted to small intestinal epithelium. Btnl1 protein is mostly cytoplasmic, but surface expression can be induced, and in vivo Btnl1 can be detected adjacent to the IEL. In a newly developed culture system, enforced epithelial cell expression of Btnl1 attenuated the cells' response to activated IEL, as evidenced by suppression of IL-6 and other inflammatory mediators. These findings offer a unique perspective on emerging genetic data that Btnl genes may comprise novel and important local regulators of gut inflammation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Haldon, John, et al.
(författare)
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History meets palaeoscience : Consilience and collaboration in studying past societal responses to environmental change
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:13, s. 3210-3218
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- History and archaeology have a well-established engagement with issues of premodern societal development and the interaction between physical and cultural environments; together, they offer a holistic view that can generate insights into the nature of cultural resilience and adaptation, as well as responses to catastrophe. Grasping the challenges that climate change presents and evolving appropriate policies that promote and support mitigation and adaptation requires not only an understanding of the science and the contemporary politics, but also an understanding of the history of the societies affected and in particular of their cultural logic. But whereas archaeologists have developed productive links with the paleosciences, historians have, on the whole, remained muted voices in the debate until recently. Here, we suggest several ways in which a consilience between the historical sciences and the natural sciences, including attention to even distant historical pasts, can deepen contemporary understanding of environmental change and its effects on human societies.
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| 5. |
- Kurland, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal gene transfer: a critical view
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 100:17, s. 9658-9662
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the "essence of phylogeny." In contrast, much data suggest that this is an exaggeration resulting in part from a reliance on inadequate methods to identify HGT events. In addition, the assumption that HGT is a ubiquitous influence throughout evolution is questionable. Instead, rampant global HGT is likely to have been relevant only to primitive genomes. In modern organisms we suggest that both the range and frequencies of HGT are constrained most often by selective barriers. As a consequence those HGT events that do occur most often have little influence on genome phylogeny. Although HGT does occur with important evolutionary consequences, classical Darwinian lineages seem to be the dominant mode of evolution for modern organisms.
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| 6. |
- Žliobaitė, Indrė, et al.
(författare)
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Herbivore teeth predict climatic limits in Kenyan ecosystems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. - Boston, U.S.A. : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 113, s. 12751-12756
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major focus in evolutionary biology is to understand how the evolution of organisms relates to changes in their physical environment. In the terrestrial realm, the interrelationships among climate,vegetation, and herbivores lie at the heart of this question. Here we introduce and test a scoring scheme for functional traits present on theworn surfaces of large mammalian herbivore teeth to capture their relationship to environmental conditions. We modeled local precipitation, temperature, primary productivity, and vegetation index as functions of dental traits of large mammal species in 13 national parks in Kenya over the past 60 y. We found that these dental traits can accurately estimate local climate and environment, even at small spatial scales within areas of relatively uniform climate (within two ecoregions), and that they predict limiting conditions better than average conditions. These findings demonstrate that the evolution of key functional properties of organisms may be more reflective of demands during recurring adverse episodes than under average conditions or during isolated severe events.
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| 7. |
- Nicolaï, Michaël P J, et al.
(författare)
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The function and consequences of fluorescence in tetrapods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 1091-6490. ; 121:24, s. 2318189121-2318189121
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence, the optical phenomenon whereby short-wavelength light is absorbed and emitted at longer wavelengths, has been widely described in aquatic habitats, in both invertebrates and fish. Recent years have seen a stream of articles reporting fluorescence, ranging from frogs, platypus, to even fully terrestrial organisms such as flying squirrels, often explicitly or implicitly linking the presence of fluorescence with sexual selection and communication. However, many of these studies fail to consider the physiological requirements of evolutionary stable signaling systems, the environmental dependence of perception, or the possible adaptive role of fluorescent coloration in a noncommunicative context. More importantly, the idea that fluorescence may simply constitute an indirect by-product of selection on other traits is often not explored. This is especially true for terrestrial systems where environmental light conditions are often not amenable for fluorescent signaling in contrast to, for example, aquatic habitats in which spectral properties of water promote functional roles for fluorescence. Despite the appeal of previously unknown ways in which coloration may drive evolution, the investigation of a putative role of fluorescence in communication must be tempered by a realistic understanding of its limitations. Here, we not only highlight and discuss the key body of literature but also address the potential pitfalls when reporting fluorescence and how to solve them. In addition, we propose exciting different research avenues to advance the field of tetrapod fluorescence.
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