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- Tinghög, Gustav, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Intuition and cooperation reconsidered
- 2013
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 498:7452, s. E1-E2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rand et al.1 reported increased cooperation in social dilemmas after forcing individuals to decide quickly1. Time pressure was used to induce intuitive decisions, and they concluded that intuition promotes cooperation. We test the robustness of this finding in a series of five experiments involving about 2,500 subjects in three countries. None of the experiments confirms the Rand et al.1 finding, indicating that their result was an artefact of excluding the about 50% of subjects who failed to respond on time.
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| 2. |
- Husu, Liisa, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Scientists of the world speak up for equality
- 2013
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 495:7439, s. 35-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eight experts give their prescriptions for measures that will help to close the gender gap in national from China to Sweden
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edgar, Graham J., et al.
(author)
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Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features
- 2014
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 506:7487, s. 216-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs remain difficult to predict and under debate(1,2). MPAs often fail to reach their full potential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detrimental harvesting, or emigration of animals outside boundaries because of continuous habitat or inadequate size of reserve(3-5). Here we show that the conservation benefits of 87 MPAs investigated worldwide increase exponentially with the accumulation of five key features: no take, well enforced, old (>10 years), large (>100 km(2)), and isolated by deep water or sand. Using effective MPAs with four or five key features as an unfished standard, comparisons of underwater survey data from effective MPAs with predictions based on survey data from fished coasts indicate that total fish biomass has declined about two-thirds from historical baselines as a result of fishing. Effective MPAs also had twice as many large (>250 mm total length) fish species per transect, five times more large fish biomass, and fourteen times more shark biomass than fished areas. Most (59%) of the MPAs studied had only one or two key features and were not ecologically distinguishable from fished sites. Our results show that global conservation targets based on area alone will not optimize protection of marine biodiversity. More emphasis is needed on better MPA design, durable management and compliance to ensure that MPAs achieve their desired conservation value.
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| 6. |
- Frank, Franziska
(author)
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Real-world results
- 2018
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557:7703, s. 130-130
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Larigauderie, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Biodiversity assessments: IPBES reaches out to social scientists
- 2016
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 532
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosytem Services (IPBES) has issued a call for experts to perform its global assessment (see www.ipbes.net/article/; deadline, 5 May 2016). The call emphasizes the need to nominate more social scientists (see A. B. M Vadrot et al. Nature 530, 160; 2016, and K. Reuter et al. Nature 531, 173; 2016). Reaching scholars outside the natural sciences is not straightforward, however, as they may not consider themselves as biodiversity researchers. A strong collective effort is necessary to change this situation. To this end, IPBES is reaching out to learned societies in social science (including in sociology, economics, geography, anthropology, political sciences and psychology), to prominent interdisciplinary international programmes such as Future Earth, and to networks of scientists. A special procedure to fill gaps in expertise, including in social sciences, was adopted by the IPBES fourth Plenary (further suggestions to ipbes.secretariat@ipbes.net are welcome). Success ultimately depends on governments and organizations stepping up to nominate more social scientists.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(author)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 10. |
- Burstein, R., et al.
(author)
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Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
- 2019
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7778, s. 353-358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations. © 2019, The Author(s).
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