| 1. |
- Abdollahi, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Concealment Mediates the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help Among Adolescents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 120:6, s. 1019-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the biggest barriers in treating adolescents with mental health problems is their refusing to seek psychological help. This study was designed to examine the relationships between two forms of perfectionism, self-concealment and attitudes toward seeking psychological help and to test the mediating role of self-concealment in the relationship between perfectionism and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among Malaysian high school students. The participants were 475 Malaysian high school students from four high schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Structural equation modelling results indicated that high school students with high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, high levels of self-concealment, and low levels of self-oriented perfectionism reported negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Bootstrapping analysis showed that self-concealment emerged as a significant, full mediator in the link between socially prescribed perfectionism and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Moderated mediation analysis also examined whether the results generalized across men and women. The results revealed that male students with socially prescribed perfectionism are more likely to engage in self-concealment, which in turn, leads to negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help more than their female counterparts. The results suggested that students high in socially prescribed perfectionism were more likely to engage in self-concealment and be less inclined to seek psychological help.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Helle W., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal child-rearing attitudes, IQ and socioeconomic status as related to cognitive abilities of five-year-old children.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 79:1, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of maternal child-rearing attitudes, as measured by the Child Rearing Practices Report, on 5-yr.-old children's Verbal IQ and Performance IQ were investigated in a Scandinavian samp;le of 108 boys and 126 girls. The maternal child-rearing attitude of Restrictiveness, as defined by scores on the Report, showed negative relations to the cognitive measures. However, the significant negative relation between Restrictiveness and Verbal IQ, obtained for both sexes, disappeared when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled The maternal child-rearing attitude of Nurturance, as defined by scores on the Report, was significantly related to Verbal IQ and Performance IQ for boys only. Significant relationships between scores on Nurturance and cognitive abilities of boys remained when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled.
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| 3. |
- Barbato, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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EFFECTS OF PROLONGED WAKEFULNESS : THE ROLE OF PERIOD3 GENOTYPES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 113:2, s. 540-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The roles of personality traits, as assessed by Eysenck Personality Inventory, and of the clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3) were analysed on the subjective effects of prolonged wakefulness. A sample of 70 healthy participants (7 men, 63 women; M age = 24.2 yr., SD = 3.2) was studied during forced wakefulness between 7:30 p.m. and 9:30 a.m. According to Eysenck's arousal model, it was hypothesized that prolonged wakefulness might affect in a different way those classified as Introverted and Extraverted. During the forced wakefulness period, the Introverted group showed greater decrease in subjective measures of vigilance than did the Extraverted group, but no differences were observed between groups with high and low scores on Psychoticism and Neuroticism. Prolonged wakefulness had a negative effect on subjective sleepiness and mood in all three PER3 polymorphisms analysed.
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| 4. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributions by age and sex of the dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a cross-cultural perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 89, s. 747-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, German, and USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his co-workers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant affects of age, sex, and culture in univariate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.
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| 5. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Further development of the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93, s. 995-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger’s psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
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| 6. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Further development of the temperament and character inventory
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93:3 II, s. 995-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
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| 7. |
- Brändström, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of informant ratings and spouse similarity based on the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2011
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Ingår i: PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS. - Missoula : Psychological reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 231-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cohort of 136 Swedish spouse pairs rated themselves and each other with the Temperament and Character Inventory. The data allowed assessment of the reliability of ratings by knowledgeable informants compared to self-rating for this personality test. The reliability of the informant rating was in the expected range, with an average correlation of .58. Agreement was slightly higher for the Temperament dimensions than for the Character dimensions. Additionally, the design allowed evaluation of the similarity between husbands and wives across the seven dimensions measured by the TCI. Correlations between spouses in self-reports were very low for Temperament, with only Harm Avoidance having a statistically significant correlation (.22, p < .05). On the other hand, all three Character dimensions were significantly correlated. These results support the conceptualization of Temperament and Character as separate components of personality. The results are consistent with previous reports on the personality of spouse pairs. Read More: http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/02.09.PR0.109.4.231-242?journalCode=pr0
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| 8. |
- Buckley, Jeffrey, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Prototypical Definitions of Intelligent Engineers Held by Irish and Swedish Higher Education Engineering Students
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Males are generally overrepresented in higher education engineering. However, the magnitude of this variance differs between countries and engineering fields. Evidence associated with the field-specific ability beliefs hypothesis suggests that perceptions of intelligence held by actors within engineering affects the engagement of underrepresented groups. This study examined perceptions of an intelligent engineer held by undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students in Ireland and Sweden, countries selected based on their levels of female representation in engineering education. It was hypothesised that there would be a significant difference in perceptions between countries. A survey methodology was employed in which a random sample of Irish and Swedish university students completed two surveys. The first asked respondents to list characteristics of an intelligent engineer, and the second asked for ratings of importance for each unique characteristic. The results indicate that an intelligent engineer was perceived to be described by seven factors; practical problem solving, conscientiousness, drive, discipline knowledge, reasoning, negative attributes, and inquisitiveness when the data was analysed collectively, but only the five factors of practical problem solving, conscientiousness, drive, discipline knowledge and negative attributes were theoretically interpretable when the data from each country was analysed independently. A gender × country interaction effect was observed for each of these five factors. The results suggest that the factors which denote intelligence in engineering between Irish and Swedish males and females are similar, but differences exist in terms of how important these factors are in terms group level definitions. Future work should consider the self-concepts held by underrepresented groups with respect to engineering relative to the factors observed in this study.
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| 9. |
- Byrka, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental attitude as a mediator of the relationship between in nature and self-reported ecological behavior
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 107:3, s. 847-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental attitude and ecological behavior were investigated in relation to the use of nature for psychological restoration. Specifically, with survey data from 468 German university students, the role of environmental attitude was investigated as a mediator of the restoration-behavior relationship. Assuming that positive experiences in nature can have a broad influence on environmental attitudes, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, an attitudinal measure with broad scope, was adopted. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated partial mediation by environmental concern. The study helps to consolidate the restoration theme in the growing literature on positive motivations for ecological behavior.
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| 10. |
- Caruana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties of the Brand Personality Scale: Evidence from a Business School
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 100:3.1, s. 789-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Brand Personality Scale has received considerable attention and has been frequently used and cited in the branding literature. This paper describes an investigation of the psychometric characteristics of the Brand Personality Scale in a business school context where umbrella branding is used. A sample (N = 262) of students attending the MBA program of a major business school in eastern USA completed the scale. Results indicate problems with the scale's dimensionality, poor reliability, convergent and nomological validity of the Ruggedness dimension, and lack of support for discriminant validity. Managerial and research implications and limitations are noted
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