| 1. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian
(författare)
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Vad är rödlistan och hur bedöms växter och svampar?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 109, s. 208-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In April 2015, the Swedish Species Information Centre launched the fourth Swedish Red List according to the criteria and categories of IUCN, covering plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. A total of 4 274 species are now nationally red listed. Here, the criteria and categories are presented, and also how the assessments are done. Emphasis is put on how to calculate more realistic population changes when data is in the form of occupied grid squares (e.g. 5 × 5 km) in repeated surveys. This includes 1) correction for errors caused by the grid resolution, where errors are most marked for abundant species and those with a clumped distribution, 2) correction for efforts between surveys, and 3) how to calculate the most realistic decline, within ten years or three generations, given a species' estimated generation time.
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| 2. |
- Bolmgren, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Vårtecken i samhällets tjänst.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. ; 104, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Dahl, Åslög, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Se klimatförändringarna med egna ögon – gör fenologiska observationer.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 102:1, s. 19-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med den förestående klimatförändringen finns ett ökat behov av att veta hur arter och växtsamhällen påverkas, Svensk naturvård har genom åren haft stor nytta av alla de botanister som på fritiden inventerat den svenska floran. Författarna vill här uppmana till en ny angelägen insats. I dag finns tekniken att rapportera fenologiska observationer som datum för lövsprickning, blomning eller fruktmognad på ett enkelt sätt.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Hur släpps mossornas sporer?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 108, s. 254-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Att saltkornen inte rinner ur ströaren om man inte skakar på den är bekant. På liknande vis verkar det förhålla sig med sporerna i mossornas sporkapslar.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pleijel, Håkan, 1958
(författare)
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Den gula zinkviolen – tundraväxten som blev metallofyt : The Zink Violet – the iceage relict that became a metallophyte.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 113:6, s. 390-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The metallophyte vegetation on zink-enriched soils near the border between Germany and Belgium is briefly described. The most significant species, Viola lutea subsp. calaminaria, Minuartia verna subsp. hercynica and Armeria maritima subsp. halleri, are treated in more detail with respect to phytogeographic history and adaptations for surviving in the metal-contaminated environment. In addition, the occurrence of more common species on metal-contaminated ground and chlorotic symptoms in response to metal toxicity is discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian
(författare)
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Hur går det för röd skogslilja och ryl?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 111, s. 90-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The results of the Flora Guardians' national monitoring of the threatened Cephalanthera rubra (VU) and Chimaphila umbellata (EN) are presented. Both species produce dust seeds, are partial or initial myco-heterotrophs and occur mainly in semi-open, dry to mesic, pine-dominated coniferous forests in the southern half of Sweden, with the highest frequencies on the island of Gotland. There are 119 and 677 registered Flora Guardian sites being surveyed during 1990-2015 for C. rubra and C. umbellata, respectively (sites on Gotland not included). In both species, there has been a steady increase in the number of revisited sites per year since 1990, in line with the increasing efforts by the Flora Guardians overall. Cephalanthera rubra is one of the more intensively monitored species on the Swedish mainland with 6.3 visits per site during an average time span of 17 yr. The species was absent from half of its sites during the last survey, but since C. rubra may be dormant underground for some years, this figure is an exaggeration of local extinctions. From 15 sites (13%) the species is presumably extinct, since it has not been found again during the last four surveys. A population decline is seen in 4.5 times as many sites as those that are increasing. Main reasons for the loss of C. rubra are denser canopies and field-layer vegetation as well as clear-felling of the forest, while mild thinning of the canopy, especially of Norway spruce, may favour the species. Figures from the last counts indicate a current population of 600 plants on the mainland, with an addition of at least 13 000 plants on Gotland. The Swedish population is estimated to contain 20 000-25 000 plants. Chimaphila umbellata had 3.3 visits per site during an average time span of 10 yr. The species was absent from 28% of its sites during the last survey, which nearly represents the local extinctions. Site half-life is estimated at 19 yr while mainly small populations disappear. A population decline is seen in 2.7 times as many sites as those that are increasing. Main reasons for the loss of C. umbellata are clear-felling of the forest habitats as well as denser canopies and field-layer vegetation. Sums from the last counts give 68 000 shoots, but since many sites have not been quantified, a coarse estimate of 100 000-200 000 shoots is more probable. However, C. umbellata is probably one of the most overlooked species in the South Swedish flora because it inhabits a very common habitat that botanists visit relatively seldom, and the species is also difficult to detect during most of the year. Active search would definitely yield new sites. The figures on site loss (and population decline) in both species are probably exaggerated due to the fact that they are based on already known sites (which inexorably will go extinct with time) and do not include possible establishments. This is an inevitable effect of monitoring rare phenomena, when not sampling the whole population (of possible habitats), which should be taken account of. Active search for new sites in suitable habitats may partly compensate for this statistical bias, by comparing the number of new sites with current and extinct sites. In both C. rubra and C. umbellata site loss is more marked towards the south of their distributions, correlating with nitrogen deposition intensity and possible subsequent effects on competing vegetation and associated fungi. There is at least one example in which an invasive alien species, Lupinus polyphyllus, has contributed to the local extinction of C. rubra. Both species would benefit from extensive management by careful canopy thinning, especially of Norway spruce, while clear-felling should be avoided. C. umbellata should be favoured by extensive cattle grazing in its habitats, which limits tree seedling development and reduces competing Vaccinium myrtillus and grasses.
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| 10. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Nytt i nya rödlistan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 109, s. 188-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The new Swedish Red List of vascular plants, bryophytes, algae, lichens and macrofungi is briefly presented. These groups now comprise more than 1800 red-listed species, corresponding to 21% of the assessed species. A net increase of 170 red-listed species since 2010 is mainly the result of more data to base the assessments on. For the first time, four sections in the plant genus Hieracium have been assessed, resulting in an addition of 327 apomictic plant species to the Red List. Logging of old-growth forest and overgrowth of former open and semi-open habitats (mainly because of ceased management of semi-natural habitats) are the stressors that harm most species, while eutrophication, drainage, water level regulation and exploitation are also important. The dieback of the elm species Ulmus glabra, U. minor, and ash Fraxinus excelsior, because of invasive pathogens, negatively affects many species of lichens, fungi and bryophytes being dependent on these host trees. In the forest landscape, the main challenge is to allow forestry without clear-cutting large areas and to maintain mixed stands regarding tree species and age distribution. In the agricultural landscape the challenge is to maintain and improve management by grazing and mowing in semi-natural grasslands, but also wooded areas, despite a continuous decline in the number of domestic cattle. In valuable wetlands and lakes, the negative impact of old ditches and water level regulation should be reduced. Species conservation in urban areas, like cities (lawns, parks and gardens), road verges and former sandpits, poses a promising challenge where much more could be done to improve the situation for red-listed species.
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