| 1. |
- Accinelli, Cesare, et al.
(författare)
-
Removal of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and other selected pharmaceuticals from wastewater using a granular bioplastic formulation entrapping propagules of Phanerochaete chrysosporium
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 81:3, s. 436-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capacity of the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade a wide variety of environmentally persistent xenobiotics has been largely reported in the literature. Beside other factors, one barrier to a wider use of this bioremediation fungus is the availability of effective formulations that ensure easy preparation, handling and application. In this series of laboratory experiments, we evaluated the efficiency of a granular bioplastic formulation entrapping propagules of P. chrysosporium for removal of four selected pharmaceuticals from wastewater samples. Addition of inoculated granules to samples of the wastewater treatment plant of Bologna significantly increased the removal of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), and the antibiotics, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazol, and ciprofloxacin. Similar effects were also observed in effluent water. Oseltamivir was the most persistent of the four active substances. After 30d of incubation, approximately two times more oseltamivir was removed in bioremediated wastewater than controls. The highest removal efficiency of the bioplastic formulation was observed with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Microbiological DNA-based analysis showed that the bioplastic matrix supported the growth of P. chrysosporium, thus facilitating its adaptation to unusual environment such as wastewater.
|
|
| 2. |
- Blum, Kristin M., et al.
(författare)
-
Removal of 30 active pharmaceutical ingredients in surface water under long-term artificial UV irradiation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 176, s. 175-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the i) kinetics, and ii) proportion of photolysis of 30 relatively stable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during artificial UV irradiation for 28 d in ammonium acetate buffer, filtered and unfiltered river water. Buffer was included to control removal kinetics under stable pH conditions and without particulate matter. Dark controls were used to determine removal due to other processes than photolysis and calculate the proportion of photolysis of the total removal. The removal of each API in each matrix was determined using online solid phase extraction/liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE/LC-MS/MS). Most APIs transformed during the 28 d of UV irradiation and the dark controls showed that photolysis was the major removal process for the majority of the APIs studied. The half-lives ranged from 6 h (amitriptyline) in unfiltered river water to 884 h (37 d, carbamazepine) in buffer. In unfiltered river water, the proportion of APIs with short half-lives (<48 h) was much higher (29%) than in the other matrices (4%), probably due to additional organic carbon, which could have promoted indirect photolysis. Furthermore, two APIs, memantine and fluconazole, were stable in all three matrices, while alprazolam was stable in buffer and unfiltered river water and four additional APIs were stable in buffer. Considering the relatively long-term UV-exposure, this study enabled the investigation of environmentally relevant half-lives in natural waters. Many APIs showed high persistence, which is environmentally concerning and emphasizes the importance of further studies on their environmental fate and effects.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fedorova, Ganna, et al.
(författare)
-
Fate of three anti-influenza drugs during ozonation of wastewater effluents : degradation and formation of transformation products
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 150, s. 723-730
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-influenza drugs constitute a key component of pandemic preparedness plans against influenza. However, the occurrence of such drugs in water environments, the potential of resistance development in the natural hosts, and the risk for transmission of antiviral resistance to humans call for measures to increase removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, removal of three anti-influenza drugs; amantadine (AM), oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) and zanamivir (ZA), and formation/removal of their transformation products during ozonation of wastewater effluents from two Swedish WWTPs in Uppsala and Stockholm were studied. The removal profile of target antivirals and formation/removal of their transformation products were studied by liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. 3.5 h of ozone exposure (total dose of ozone 5.95 g) led to complete removal of the three anti-influenza drugs with a degradation in the following order ZA > OC > AM. Two, five and one transformation products were identified and semi-quantified for AM, OC and ZA, respectively. Increasing and later decreasing transformation products concentration followed the decrease in concentration of target compounds. All transformation products detected, except one of AM in wastewater from Stockholm WWTP, were removed at the end of the experiment. The removal efficiency was higher for all studied compounds in wastewater from Uppsala WWTP, which had lower TOC and COD values, less phosphorus, and also higher pH in the water. Ozonation thus offers multiple benefits through its potential to degrade influenza antivirals, hence decrease the risk of environmental resistance development, in addition to degrading other pharmaceuticals and resistant microorganisms.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 176, s. 324-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants have received a lot of interest over the past decade but, for several pharmaceuticals, relatively little is known about their occurrence in European surface waters. Benzodiazepines, a class of pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, have received interest due to their behavioral modifying effect on exposed biota. In this study, our results show the presence of one or more benzodiazepine(s) in 86% of the analyzed surface water samples (n = 138) from 30 rivers, representing seven larger European catchments. Of the 13 benzodiazepines included in the study, we detected 9, which together showed median and mean concentrations (of the results above limit of quantification) of 5.4 and 9.6 ng L-1, respectively. Four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, temazepam, clobazam, and bromazepam) were the most commonly detected. In particular, oxazepam had the highest frequency of detection (85%) and a maximum concentration of 61 ng L-1. Temazepam and clobazam were found in 26% (maximum concentration of 39 ng L-1) and 14% (maximum concentration of 11 ng L-1) of the samples analyzed, respectively. Finally, bromazepam was found only in Germany and in 16 out of total 138 samples (12%), with a maximum concentration of 320 ng L-1. This study clearly shows that benzodiazepines are common micro-contaminants of the largest European river systems at ng L-1 levels. Although these concentrations are more than a magnitude lower than those reported to have effective effects on exposed biota, environmental effects cannot be excluded considering the possibility of additive and sub-lethal effects.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jansson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterisation and fingerprinting of PCBs in flue gas and ash from waste incineration and in technical mixtures
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 85:3, s. 509-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congener patterns of mono- to deca-chlorinated biphenyls (PC(1-10)B) were evaluated in (a) waste incineration flue gases collected in the post-combustion zone of a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor, (b) ashes from two different MSW incineration plants, and (c) published data of eight Aroclor formulations. The congener patterns of the flue gases, ashes, and Aroclor mixtures clearly differed from each other, likely reflecting differences in formation pathways. The flue gas congener patterns were largely dominated by the least chlorinated congeners, whereas the ashes displayed more evenly distributed patterns. The most abundant congeners indicated a preference for 3,3',4,4'-oriented substitution, which may be related to de novo-type formation involving perylene. Principal component analysis confirmed that congener patterns differed among the three matrices and also distinguished flue gases collected at 200°C from those collected at 300°C and 450°C. This distinction could be partly explained by the degree of chlorination, although the substitution status of the ortho-position, and substitution in the 3,3',4,4'-positions also seemed to be influential. Injecting biphenyl into the post-combustion zone of the reactor did not alter the patterns, indicating that availability of the backbone structure is not a limiting factor for PCB formation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Zhi-Hua, et al.
(författare)
-
Responses of antioxidant status and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in gill of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, chronically treated with carbamazepine
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 77:11, s. 1476-1481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, chemical pollution by the residual pharmaceuticals has been increasingly important issue due to its widely present in the aquatic environment. However, the toxicological effects of residual pharmaceuticals on fish have not been adequately researched. The aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effect of CBZ, an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in aquatic environment, on antioxidant status and Na+-K+-ATPase in gill of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal CBZ (1.0 microg L(-1), 0.2 mg L(-1) and 2.0 mg L(-1)) for 7, 21 and 42 d. After prolonged exposure of CBZ at higher test concentration (0.2 or 2.0 mg L(-1)), oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher LPO and CP levels in fish gill, as well as the significant inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activities including SOD, CAT, GR and GPx. Besides, reduced glutathione level and Na+-K+-ATPase activity were significantly lower than those of the control after 42 d of exposure to CBZ at higher test concentration (0.2 or 2.0 mg L(-1)). The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure of CBZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish gill; however, before those parameters are used as special biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future.
|
|
| 7. |
- Szlinder-Richert, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in selected fish species from the southern Baltic Sea
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 78:6, s. 695-700
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in selected fish species that were collected from the southern Baltic in the 2004-2006 period. Differences in concentrations of PBDEs among the fish species were observed. The mean summation operator(7)PBDE concentrations measured in herring (Clupeaharengus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), and salmon (Salmo salar) samples were 1.2ngg(-1) wet weight, 1.6ngg(-1) wet weight, and 2.5ngg(-1) wet weight, respectively. PBDE-47 was the prevalent congener in all the samples tested. PBDE concentrations in the herring samples tested in the current study were similar to those determined in herring sampled in the northern Baltic, but slightly lower in comparison with concentrations in fish from the Belgian North Sea. PBDE levels occurring in salmon sampled in the southern Baltic were lower than those measured in the northern and northeastern Baltic, but similar to levels determined in salmon from the central part of the Baltic Sea. The risk posed by consuming the fish tested in the current study was evaluated according to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) value for PBDEs recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
|
|
