| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Acquisitions of start-ups by incumbent businesses A market selection process of "high-quality" entrants?
- 2016
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 45:1, s. 272-290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyze the frequency and nature by which new firms are acquired by established businesses. Acquisitions are often considered to reflect a technology transfer process and to also constitute one way in which a "symbiosis" between new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and established businesses is realized. Using a micro-level dataset for Sweden in which we follow new entrants up to 18 years after entry, we show that acquisitions of recent start-ups are rare and restricted to a small group of entrants with defining characteristics. Estimates from competing risks models show that acquired start-ups, in particular by multinational enterprises (MNEs), stand out from entrants that either remain independent or exit by being much more likely to be spin-offs operating in high-tech sectors, having strong technological competence, and having weak internal financial resources. Our overall findings support the argument that acquisitions primarily concern NTBFs in market contexts where entry costs are large, access to finance is important and incumbents have valuable complementary capabilities and resources. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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The economic microgeography of diversity and specialization externalities – firm-level evidence from Swedish cities
- 2019
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:6, s. 1385-1398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We employ finely geo-coded firm-level panel data to assess the long-standing question whether agglomeration economies derive from specialization (within-industry), diversity (between-industry) or overall density. Rather than treating the city as a single unit, we focus our analysis on how the inner industry structures of cities influence firm-level productivity. Our results illustrate the co-existence of several externalities that differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities. First, we find robust positive effects of neighborhood-level specialization on TFP as well as a small effect of diversity at the same fine spatial level. These effects are highly localized and dissipate beyond the immediate within-city neighborhood level. Second, we also find that firms benefit from the overall density of the wider city. The results emphasize the relevance of “opening up” cities to study the workings of their inner organization and support the idea that location in a within-city industry cluster in a diversified and dense city boosts productivity.
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| 3. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters.
- 2005
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 34:8, s. 1173-1190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry.
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| 4. |
- Bergek, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems : A scheme of analysis
- 2008
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 37:3, s. 407-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Various researchers and policy analysts have made empirical studies of innovation systems in order to understand their current structure and trace their dynamics. However, policy makers often experience difficulties in extracting practical guidelines from studies of this kind. In this paper, we operationalize our previous work on a functional approach to analyzing innovation system dynamics into a practical scheme of analysis for policy makers. The scheme is based on previous literature and our own experience in developing and applying functional thinking. It can be used by policy makers not only to identify the key policy issues but also to set policy goals. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Binz, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Global Innovation Systems—A conceptual framework for innovation dynamics in transnational contexts
- 2017
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 46:7, s. 1284-1298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of technological innovation processes in transnational contexts. By drawing on existing innovation system concepts and recent elaborations on the globalization of innovation, we develop a multi-scalar conceptualization of innovation systems. Two key mechanisms are introduced and elaborated: the generation of resources in multi-locational subsystems and the establishment of structural couplings among them in a global innovation system (GIS). Based on this conceptualization, we introduce a typology of four generic GIS configurations, building on the innovation mode and valuation system in different industry types. The analytical framework is illustrated with insights from four emerging clean-tech industries. We state that a comprehensive GIS perspective is instrumental for developing a more explanatory stance in the innovation system literature and developing policy interventions that reflect the increasing spatial complexity in the innovation process.
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| 6. |
- Binz, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Why space matters in technological innovation systems-Mapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology
- 2014
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 43:1, s. 138-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies on technological innovation systems (TISs) often set spatial boundaries at the national level and treat supranational levels as a geographically undifferentiated and freely accessible global technological opportunity set. This article criticizes this conceptualization and proposes instead to analyze relevant actors, networks and processes in TIS from a relational perspective on space. It develops an analytical framework which allows investigating innovation processes (or 'functions') of a TIS at and across different spatial scales. Based on social network analysis of a co-publication dataset from membrane bioreactor technology, we illustrate how the spatial characteristics of collaborations in knowledge creation vary greatly over relatively short periods of time. This finding suggests that TIS studies should be more reflexive on system boundary setting both regarding the identification and analysis of core processes as well as in the formulation of policy advice. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(author)
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Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework
- 2015
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 44:10, s. 1902-1914
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The varieties of capitalism literature has drawn little attention to industrial renewal and diversification, while the related diversification literature has neglected the institutional dimension of industrial change. Bringing together both literatures, the paper proposes that institutions have an impact on the direction of the diversification process, in particular on whether countries gain a comparative advantage in new sectors that are close or far from what is already part of their existing industrial structure. We investigate the diversification process in 23 developed countries by means of detailed product trade data in the period 1995-2010. Our results show that relatedness is a stronger driver of diversification into new products in coordinated market economies, while liberal market economies show a higher probability to move in more unrelated industries: their overarching institutional framework gives countries more freedom to make a jump in their industrial evolution. In particular, we found that the role of relatedness as driver of diversification into new sectors is stronger in the presence of institutions that focus more on 'non-market' coordination in the domains of labor relations, corporate governance relations, product market relations, and inter-firm relations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(author)
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Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities
- 2014
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 43:1, s. 107-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of scientific relatedness on knowledge dynamics in biotech at the city level during the period 1989-2008. We assess the extent to which the emergence of new research topics and the disappearance of existing topics in cities are dependent on their degree of scientific relatedness with existing topics in those cities. We make use of the rise and fall of title words in scientific publications in biotech to identify major cognitive developments within the field. We determined the degree of relatedness between 1028 scientific topics in biotech by means of co-occurrence of pairs of topics in journal articles. We combined this relatedness indicator between topics in biotech with the scientific portfolio of cities (i.e. the topics on which they published previously) to determine how cognitively close a potentially new topic (or an existing topic) is to the scientific portfolio of a city. We analyzed knowledge dynamics at the city level by looking at the entry and exit of topics in the scientific portfolio of 276 cities in the world. We found strong and robust evidence that new scientific topics in biotech tend to emerge systematically in cities where scientifically related topics already exist, while existing scientific topics had a higher probability to disappear from a city when these were weakly related to the scientific portfolio of the city. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Castellani, Davide, et al.
(author)
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From new imported inputs to new exported products. Firm-level evidence from Sweden
- 2019
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 48:1, s. 322-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the determinants of the propensity of firms to export new products, and focuses on the role of new imported inputs. Importing offers access to new technologies and better combination of inputs that can lead to new or improved products for the export markets. Based on a sample of more than 14,000 Swedish manufacturing firms over the period 2001–2012, we show that importing new inputs is a key determinant of firms’ propensity to add new products to their export portfolio, even after controlling for multinationality, patenting activity, productivity and a number of other firm characteristics. This is mainly due to the import of new intermediate inputs and it is stronger for smaller firms.
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| 10. |
- Castellani, Davide, et al.
(author)
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R&D offshoring and the productivity growth of European regions
- 2013
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 42:9, s. 1581-1594
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recent increase in R&D offshoring has raised fears that knowledge and competitiveness in advanced countries may be at risk of 'hollowing out'. At the same time, economic research has stressed that this process is also likely to allow some reverse technology transfer and foster growth at home. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the extent to which R&D offshoring is associated with productivity dynamics of European regions. We find that offshoring regions have higher productivity growth, but this positive effect fades with the number of investment projects carried out abroad. A large and positive correlation emerges between the extent of R&D offshoring and the home region productivity growth, supporting the idea that carrying out R&D abroad strengthens European competitiveness. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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