| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The economic microgeography of diversity and specialization externalities – firm-level evidence from Swedish cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:6, s. 1385-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We employ finely geo-coded firm-level panel data to assess the long-standing question whether agglomeration economies derive from specialization (within-industry), diversity (between-industry) or overall density. Rather than treating the city as a single unit, we focus our analysis on how the inner industry structures of cities influence firm-level productivity. Our results illustrate the co-existence of several externalities that differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities. First, we find robust positive effects of neighborhood-level specialization on TFP as well as a small effect of diversity at the same fine spatial level. These effects are highly localized and dissipate beyond the immediate within-city neighborhood level. Second, we also find that firms benefit from the overall density of the wider city. The results emphasize the relevance of “opening up” cities to study the workings of their inner organization and support the idea that location in a within-city industry cluster in a diversified and dense city boosts productivity.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Johan P., et al.
(författare)
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Location choices of graduate entrepreneurs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 46:8, s. 1490-1504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review complementary theoretical perspectives on location choices of university graduate entrepreneurs derived from the individual-opportunity nexus and local embeddedness perspectives on entrepreneurship. Analysis of the full population of 215,388 graduates from Swedish institutions of higher education between 2002 and 2006 provides support for both location choice perspectives. Overall, 63% of graduate entrepreneurs start businesses locally in their region of graduation while 37% start businesses elsewhere. The likelihood of starting locally is substantially higher in metropolitan regions, if the graduate was born locally or has university peer entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial family members in the region of graduation. Implications for theory and public policy are discussed.
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