| 1. |
- Hille, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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The Biology of CRISPR-Cas : Backward and Forward
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 172:6, s. 1239-1259
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against phages and other foreign genetic elements. Here, we review the biology of the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems and the major progress achieved in recent years in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the three stages of CRISPR-Cas immunity: adaptation, crRNA biogenesis, and interference. The ecology and regulation of CRISPR-Cas in the context of phage infection, the roles of these systems beyond immunity, and the open questions that propel the field forward are also discussed.
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| 2. |
- Lappalainen, Tuuli, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and molecular architecture of complex traits
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 187:5, s. 1059-1075
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human genetics has emerged as one of the most dynamic areas of biology, with a broadening societal impact. In this review, we discuss recent achievements, ongoing efforts, and future challenges in the field. Advances in technology, statistical methods, and the growing scale of research efforts have all provided many insights into the processes that have given rise to the current patterns of genetic variation. Vast maps of genetic associations with human traits and diseases have allowed characterization of their genetic architecture. Finally, studies of molecular and cellular effects of genetic variants have provided insights into biological processes underlying disease. Many outstanding questions remain, but the field is well poised for groundbreaking discoveries as it increases the use of genetic data to understand both the history of our species and its applications to improve human health.
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| 3. |
- Nielsen, Jens B, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering Cellular Metabolism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 164:6, s. 1185-1197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic engineering is the science of rewiring the metabolism of cells to enhance production of native metabolites or to endow cells with the ability to produce new products. The potential applications of such efforts are wide ranging, including the generation of fuels, chemicals, foods, feeds, and pharmaceuticals. However, making cells into efficient factories is challenging because cells have evolved robust metabolic networks with hard-wired, tightly regulated lines of communication between molecular pathways that resist efforts to divert resources. Here, we will review the current status and challenges of metabolic engineering and will discuss how new technologies can enable metabolic engineering to be scaled up to the industrial level, either by cutting off the lines of control for endogenous metabolism or by infiltrating the system with disruptive, heterologous pathways that overcome cellular regulation.
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| 4. |
- Allen, John
(författare)
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Photosynthesis of ATP - Electrons, proton pumps, rotors, and poise
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cell. - 1097-4172. ; 110:3, s. 273-276
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-driven electron transport is coupled to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. While the nature of the coupling and the structures of key components are now known, there has long been disagreement over pathways of electron transport. Recent results now put an old idea back on the agenda -cyclic electron transport around photosystem 1.
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