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- Yazar, Kerem, et al.
(författare)
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Readability of product ingredient labels can be improved by simple means : an experimental study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 71:4, s. 233-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary Background Ingredient labels on products used by consumers and workers every day, such as food, cosmetics, and detergents, can be difficult to read and understand. Objective To assess whether typographical design and ordering of ingredients can improve the readability of product ingredient labels. Methods The study subjects (n = 16) had to search for two target ingredients in 30 cosmetic product labels and three alternative formats of each. Outcome measures were completion time (reading speed), recognition rate, eye movements, task load and subjective rating when the reading of ingredient labels was assessed by video recording, an eye tracking device, and questionnaires. Results The completion time was significantly lower ( p < 0.001) when subjects were reading all alternative formats than when they were reading the original. The recognition rate was generally high, and improved slightly with the alternative formats. The eye movement measures confirmed that the alternative formats were easier to read than the original product labels. Mental and physical demand and effort were significantly lower ( p < 0.036) and experience rating was higher ( p < 0.042) for the alternative formats. There were also differences between the alternative formats. Conclusions Simple adjustments in the design of product ingredient labels would significantly improve their readability, benefiting the many allergic individuals and others in their daily struggle to avoid harmful or unwanted exposure.
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| 2. |
- Färnlöf, Hans, 1970-
(författare)
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Représentations : observations sur Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours
- 2008
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Ingår i: Orbis Litterarum. - : Wiley. - 0105-7510 .- 1600-0730. ; 63:3, s. 195-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dans Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (1873) sont developpes trois types de representations. Par la representation generique, Verne inscrit sa variation " moderne " du roman d'aventures (Bakhtine) en modifiant l'enjeu de l'intrigue traditionnelle; par la representation mimetique, il cree une dialectique efficace entre la didactique et le romanesque; par la representation diegetique, il attribue differentes fonctions narratives a ses personnages principaux (Fogg et Passepartout). Ensemble, ces representations temoignent d'une poetique consequente et elaboree chez Verne, qui situe habilement son projet d'ecriture et par rapport a l'heritage litteraire et par rapport a l'esthetique contemporaine. De ce fait, Verne occupe une place notable dans le champ litteraire de la deuxieme moitie du XIX(e) siecle. Par consequent, il conviendrait, dans le discours theorique et historique litteraires, de ne plus considerer systematiquement Verne comme simple " auteur populaire ", mais de lui accorder la place qui correspond a sa juste valeur d'ecrivain.
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