| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Sandberg, Elisabeth, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of HEMA on intact mouse skin--effects on the immune system.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Contact dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 54:4, s. 186-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, we have shown that 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) can bind to protein and that autoantibodies were induced in mice by immunization with a self-protein in vitro conjugated with HEMA. The present study aimed to develop a model for HEMA-induced sensitivity by the application of the substance on intact skin. Female BALB/c mice were painted on the dorsum of each ear with 50% HEMA in vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. The anti-CD3epsilon-stimulated lymph node production and the spontaneous spleen-cell production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In another experiment, the cytokines were followed after subcutaneous HEMA injections. Animals painted with HEMA had a significantly higher IL-6 production by anti-CD3epsilon-stimulated lymph node cells and significantly suppressed IL-10 production by spleen cells compared to vehicle-treated mice. This correlated to some extent with the spontaneous spleen-cell production induced by subcutaneously administered HEMA. An injection of 20 micromol of HEMA induced an increased production of IL-6, while injection of 40 micromol depressed both IL-6 and IL-10 production. Although there was no sign of inflammation on the ears, findings suggest that HEMA had penetrated the skin and induced a reaction in the immune system.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andernord, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Contact allergy to haptens in the Swedish baseline series: Results from the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 86:3, s. 175-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Allergic contact dermatitis has considerable public health impact and causative haptens vary over time. Objectives To report the prevalence of contact allergy to allergens in the Swedish baseline series 2010 to 2017, as registered in the Swedish Patch Test Register. Methods Results and demographic information for patients tested with the Swedish baseline series in 2010 to 2017 were analysed. Results Data for 21 663 individuals (females 69%) were included. Females had significantly more positive patch tests (54% vs 40%). The reaction prevalence rates were highest for nickel sulfate (20.7%), fragrance mix I (7.1%), Myroxylon pereirae (6.9%), potassium dichromate (6.9%), cobalt chloride (6.8%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI; 6.4%), MI (3.7%), colophonium (3.5%), fragrance mix II (3.2%), and formaldehyde (3.2%). Myroxylon pereirae reaction prevalence increased from 5% in 2010 to 9% in 2017 and that for methyldibromo glutaronitrile from 3.1% to 4.6%. MCI/MI and MI reactions decreased in prevalence after 2014. Nickel reaction prevalence decreased among females aged 10 to 19 years. Conclusions Nickel remains the most common sensitizing agent, with reaction prevalence decreasing among females younger than 20 years. The changes in MCI/MI and MI reaction prevalence mirrored those in Europe. The register can reveal changes in contact allergy prevalence over time among patients patch tested in Sweden.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersch-Björkman, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Air-oxidized linalool elicits eczema in allergic patients-a repeated open application test study.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Contact dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 1600-0536 .- 0105-1873. ; 70:3, s. 129-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linalool is a commonly used fragrance terpene that forms potent sensitizers upon oxidation. In a recent multicentre study, we found that 7% of 2900 patients showed positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool at 6.0%. No elicitation studies have been performed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bennike, Niels H., et al.
(författare)
-
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by hydroperoxides of limonene and dose-response relationship-A repeated open application test (ROAT) study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 80:4, s. 208-216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact allergy to oxidized limonene, with hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim-OOHs) as the main allergens, is common. However, high proportions of weak positive and doubtful patch test reactions have been reported. Objectives: To determine the clinical relevance, elicitation threshold and dose-response relationship of Lim-OOHs in individuals with a positive or doubtful patch test reaction to standard Lim-OOHs 0.3% pet. Methods: A multicentre 3-week double-blind vehicle-controlled repeated open application test (ROAT) study with a simulated fine fragrance containing Lim-OOHs at 1260, 420 and 140 ppm, equal to a dose/area per application of Lim-OOHs of 3.0, 0.99 and 0.33 mu g/cm(2), was performed. Results: Among 11 subjects allergic to Lim-OOHs, 11 (100%), 7 (64%), and 3 (27%), respectively, reacted to the applied doses. No reactions were seen in 17 healthy controls exposed to the highest dose. This difference in reactivity was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Among 13 subjects with doubtful patch test reactions to Lim-OOHs, two (15%) had positive ROAT reactions to the highest Lim-OOH dose applied (P = 0.36 as compared with controls). Conclusions: Contact allergy to Lim-OOHs is of clinical relevance in patients with positive patch test reactions. A doubtful patch test reaction to Lim-OOHs 0.3% pet. can be of clinical relevance.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergfors, Elisabet, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum: A review and a recommendation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : WILEY. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:2, s. 81-88
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: According to studies on adults, patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is insufficient to detect aluminium allergy, and a 10% preparation is recommended. Other studies suggest that a 2% preparation is sufficient for testing children. Objectives: To review three previously published Swedish studies on patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. Patients/Methods: Altogether, 601 children with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules (granulomas) induced by aluminium-adsorbed vaccines were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. and metallic aluminium in (a) a pertussis vaccine trial, (b) clinical practice, and (ca) prospective study. Results: Overall, 459 children had positive reactions to the 2% pet. preparation. Another 10 reacted positively only to metallic aluminium. An extreme positive reaction (+++) was seen in 65% of children aged 1 to 2 years as compared with 22% of children aged 7 years. From 8 years onwards, extreme positive reactions were scarce. Conclusions: Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is sufficient to trace aluminium allergy in children. Small children are at risk of extreme reactions. We thus suggest that aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% pet. should not be used routinely in children before the age of 7 to 8 years.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bråred Christensson, Johanna, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Air-oxidized linalool: a frequent cause of fragrance contact allergy.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 67:5, s. 247-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Linalool is a common fragrance terpene that, in pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, linalool autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a Swedish study, oxidized linalool 6.0% in petrolatum (pet.) gave 5% positive patch test reactions in 2500 dermatitis patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized linalool 6%, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, the linalool hydroperoxides (Lin-OOHs) in pet., could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 6.9% (range 3–13%) of the patients showed positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool. Doubtful reactions were found in 9.2% of the patients (range 0–36%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. In an international setting, oxidized linalool has been shown to be a common allergen. Oxidized linalool 6.0% (Lin-OOHs 1%) pet. is a useful, standardized and stable tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized linalool would not have been informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed
|
|
| 10. |
- Bråred Christensson, Johanna, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 68:4, s. 214-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2–3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients. Objectives. To investigate whether oxidized R-limonene 3.0% in petrolatum, with a stable concentration of the main haptens, limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs), could be a useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in an international setting. Methods. Oxidized R-limonene 3.0% (Lim-OOHs 0.33%) pet. was tested in 2900 consecutive dermatitis patients in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, and Australia. Results. Overall, 5.2% (range 2.3–12.1%) of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction to oxidized R-limonene. Doubtful reactions were found in 7.0% of the patients (range 0–24%). Few irritant reactions were seen. Conclusions. Oxidized R-limonene at 3.0% pet. with a specified content of Lim-OOHs 0.33% is a standardized and useful tool for the detection of contact allergy in dermatitis patients. Many patients showing positive patch test reactions to oxidized R-limonene would not be informed of their fragrance allergy if this specific test had not been performed.
|
|
