| 1. |
- Berne, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse effects of cosmetics and toiletries reported to the Swedish Medical Products Agency 1989-1994
- 1996
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 34:5, s. 359-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, a cosmetic control system was introduced in 1989 at the Medical Products Agency (MPA). It consists of a register of importers, manufacturers and their products, and a voluntary adverse reaction reporting system identical to that concerning drugs. Between 1989 and 1994, MPA evaluated 191 reports concerning adverse effects of 253 cosmetics and toiletries. 90% of the reports concerned women and the top-ranking product category was moisturizers, followed by hair care products and nail products. The majority of the adverse effects reported involved only the skin, and 90% were eczematous reactions. 70% of the eczemas were classified as contact allergic, as patch tests were positive to the product as is, and in 1/2 of these products, 1 or more relevant allergens could be identified when tests were made with individual cosmetic ingredients. The most common offending ingredients were fragrances, toluenesulfonamide-formaldehyde resin and preservatives. The number of reports is small in relation to the expected number of cosmetic adverse effects, which can be explained by under-reporting. Efforts are being made to persuade Swedish physicians to report more often.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Dahlin, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Several cases of undesirable effects caused by methacrylate ultraviolet-curing nail polish for non-professional use
- 2016
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 75:3, s. 151-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundUltraviolet (UV)-curing nail polishes based on acrylates or methacrylates are currently also available for non-professional use. The Swedish Medical Products Agency recently prohibited one brand of UV-curing polish, because several consumers reported undesirable effects after using it. ObjectivesTo investigate whether consumers with undesirable effects after using the UV-curing nail polish that was later prohibited were contact allergic to the polish and its individual ingredients. Materials/MethodsEight patients who had reported severe skin reactions after the use of the UV-curing polish were patch tested with two coatings of the nail polish and its ingredients at five dermatology departments in Sweden. ResultsAll patients tested except one showed contact allergic reactions to one or several of the acrylate-based or methacrylate-based ingredients in the nail polish. ConclusionsThe non-professional use of UV-curing nail polishes poses a risk of sensitization from acrylates and methacrylates.
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| 4. |
- Grängsjö, A., et al.
(författare)
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Different pathways in irritant contact eczema? Early differences in the epidermal elemental content and expression of cytokines after application of 2 different irritants
- 1996
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 35:6, s. 355-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The epidermal response to 2 different irritants, nonanoic acid (NAA) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was investigated with 2 different methods. NAA 80% and SLS 4% were applied under occlusion for up to 24 h. Elemental changes were determined in cryosections by x-ray microanalysis. Compared to unexposed skin a significantly higher sodium/potassium ratio was found after 6 h in NAA-exposed skin and a lower ratio in SLS-exposed. At 24 h both substances had induced similar changes, compatible with a cell injury. The findings demonstrate a time-dependent NAA and SLS response. With reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expression of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), -1 beta (IL-1 beta), -6 (IL-6), and -8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in shave biopsies from irritated and unexposed skin was studied at 0. 4. 8 and 24 h. NAA, but not SLS, induced an increase in mRNA expression for IL-6 mRNA-expression for GM-CSF was increased after SLS exposure, but not after NAA. These findings indicate a time and substance dependent difference in the up-regulation of mRNA for different cytokines in epidermis during the first 24 h of the irritant reaction. This might be the effect of differences in the irritants action on the cell membranes, which is also reflected by the differences found in the elemental content at 6 h.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Hand eczema and health-related quality of life : a comparison of EQ-5D and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in relation to the hand eczema extent score (HEES)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 69:3, s. 138-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the extent and severity of hand eczema. We still lack a consensus about which HRQoL instrument to use as the standard, and how to measure the extent and severity of hand eczema.Objectives: To compare the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) with EQ-5D (a standardized instrument for use as a measure of health outcome), and to evaluate how the Hand Eczema Extent Score (HEES) relates to these instruments.Methods: Ninety-three patients (61 females) were included. The HEES was recorded by a dermatologist, and the DLQI and EQ-5D by the patients. The results were analysed with factor analysis and non-parametric statistics.Results: The DLQI and EQ-5D showed decreased HRQoL. Using factor analysis, we could not establish an association between the DLQI and EQ-5D. There were, however, correlations between the DLQI and the HEES (0.31), the EQ(index) and the HEES (-0.32), the DLQI and the EQ(VAS) (-0.62), and the DLQI and the EQ(index) (-0.67) (the EQ(VAS) and the EQ(index) are calculated from EQ-5D).Conclusions: We could not link factors in the DLQI to EQ-5D, which has previously been done for SF-36 (Short Form 36). On the basis of this, we cannot recommend EQ-5D over SF-36 for hand eczema studies. The DLQI correlates with the EQ(VAS) and the EQ(index), and can probably be used as an approximation for EQ-5D. Our findings with the HEES are interesting, as it can be used by patients.
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| 6. |
- Loden, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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No skin reactions to mineral powders in nickel-sensitive subjects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 66:4, s. 210-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Cosmetic products are known to be able to induce contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis may also be induced by nickel, and it is estimated that up to 17% of women are allergic to nickel.Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nickel sensitized individuals react to make-up products containing pigments with nickel as an impurity.Patients/Materials/Methods. Twenty-three individuals with a clinical history of nickel allergy and/or with positive patch test reactions to nickel were exposed to mineral make-up products and individual pigments dispersed in alkylbenzoate (50%) in small Finn Chambers (R) for 48 hr. The skin reactions were evaluated visually and with a non-invasive instrument that quantifies skin erythema.Results. The results showed that 74% of the included individuals showed a visible reaction to the positive control nickel sulfate, and a significant correlation was found between the visual and instrumental readings. However, none of the nickel sensitive individuals reacted to the test products. A subgroup analysis of the 50% most sensitive individuals also confirmed the absence of skin reactions to the powders.Conclusions. The bioavailability of the trace amounts of nickel in the particles was below the level needed to elicit an eczematous reaction in any of the nickel-sensitized individuals.
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| 7. |
- Mirabelli, Maria C., et al.
(författare)
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Metalworking exposures and persistent skin symptoms in the ECRHS II and SAPALDIA 2 cohorts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 60:5, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Diseases of the skin are important and often preventable conditions occurring among workers with dermal exposures to irritant and sensitizing agents. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this analysis to assess the associations between metalworking exposures and current and persistent skin symptoms among male and female participants in two population-based epidemiologic studies. METHODS: We pooled data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II) and the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults 2 (SAPALDIA 2), two prospective cohort studies in Europe. Each participant completed interviewer-administered questionnaires to provide information about symptoms and exposures related to selected occupations, including metalworking, during the follow-up periods. We assessed associations between skin symptoms and the frequency of metalworking exposures among 676 ECRHS II/SAPALDIA 2 respondents. RESULTS: Current skin symptoms were reported by 10% of metalworkers and were associated with frequent use, defined as four or more days per week, of oil-based metalworking fluids [prevalence ratio (PR): 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-2.49)] and organic solvent/degreasing agents (PR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.50). CONCLUSIONS: Skin symptom prevalence is associated with increasing frequency of oil-based metalworking fluid and degreasing agent use. Our findings justify assessing strategies for reducing the frequency of metal-related exposures.
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| 8. |
- Tammela, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Patch testing with own cosmetics : a prospective study of testing and reporting of adverse effects to the Swedish Medical Products Agency
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 67:1, s. 42-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) provides a voluntary reporting system for adverse reactions to cosmetics. However, the reporting is sparse, and the products involved are sometimes difficult to identify.Objectives: To investigate how often patients referred for patch testing were tested with the cosmetic products that they had been using themselves, and to improve the reporting to the MPA by the use of photographic documentation of product labels.Patients and methods: Consecutive patients at five dermatology departments who were patch tested with their own cosmetics were included. Reports including protocols of positive patch test results for the patients' own cosmetics and photographs/photocopies of product labels were sent to the MPA. Results. Three hundred and sixteen of 948 patients (33%) were tested with their own cosmetics, and 15% of these tested positive with one or more products. The number of reports was more than three times higher than in corresponding periods in earlier years. For 79% of the products, photographs/photocopies of the containers were submitted, and for 30%, batch numbers were submitted.Conclusions: For a substantial number of patients, their own cosmetics were suspected of causing adverse reactions and were therefore tested. During the study, the number of reports to the MPA tripled, and the relevant products were easier to identify.
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