| 1. |
- Nilsonne, G., et al.
(författare)
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Increased global FMRI signal variability after partial sleep deprivation : Findings from the Stockholm sleepy brain study
- 2017
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Ingår i: SLEEP. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 40, s. A40-A40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Neural correlates of sleep deprivation are not fully understood and the difference between young and older adults in this regard has received little attention. We aimed to investigate the effect of partial sleep deprivation on resting state connectivity.Methods: 30 younger (20–30 years) and 23 older (65–75 years) healthy participants underwent MR imaging after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation (3 h sleep). We acquired two runs of eyes-open resting state functional magnetic resonance images. Participants were monitored with eye-tracking to ensure their eyes remained open during scanning.Results: Global signal variability, defined as log-transformed standard deviation of average gray matter signal, was increased following partial sleep deprivation (0.16 [0.07, 0.24], p = 0.0004). In contrast to previous studies, we did not find that partial sleep deprivation inhibited connectivity in the default mode network, nor in other major networks investigated.Conclusion: Sleep deprivation caused increased global signal variability. This novel finding should be confirmed using independent data. Our finding of no difference in default mode connectivity in the sleep deprived state, could possibly be due to stricter monitoring of participants’ wakefulness compared to some earlier studies.
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| 2. |
- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Do later-born birth cohorts of septuagenarians sleep better? A prospective population-based study of two birth cohorts of 70-year-olds.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1550-9109 .- 0161-8105. ; 42:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate birth cohort differences in the prevalence of insomnia from age 70 to 79.Data were drawn from populations-based samples of two cohorts of septuagenarians; the early born 1901-07-cohort, who took part in psychiatric examinations between 1971-1986 (n=681), and the later born 1930-cohort, examined between 2000-2010 (n=943). Examinations were conducted at ages 70, 75 and 79. Criteria for insomnia were identical across cohorts and included sleep dissatisfaction accompanied with complaints of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Associations were analyzed with logistic growth curve models.The later-born cohort had lower odds for insomnia at age 70 (OR=0.52, 95%-CI 0.32-0.87) compared to the earlier-born cohort. Age was not related to insomnia as a main effect but we found an interaction between age and birth cohort (OR=1.14, 95%-CI 1.08-1.21); insomnia increased with age in the later but not in the early born cohort. Women had higher odds for insomnia compared to men (OR=3.10, 95%-CI 2.02-4.74), and there was an interaction between sex and birth cohort (OR=0.51, 95%-CI 0.30-0.88; there were larger cohort differences among women than among men and less sex differences in the later than in the earlier born cohort. Also, there were no significant differences between the cohorts in taking sleep medications.Our findings provide evidence of improved self-reported sleep in later born cohorts of septuagenarians, but the difference diminished with age. The prevalence of self-reported insomnia was greater in women than in men, but sex differences were less pronounced in the later born cohort.
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| 3. |
- Sunnhed, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing internet-delivered cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with telephone support for insomnia disorder : a randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 43:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: Our aim was to compare the effects of Internet-delivered cognitive therapy (CT) and behavior therapy (BT) against a waitlist (WL) condition to better understand their unique contribution in the treatment of insomnia.Methods: Two hundred and nineteen participants with insomnia disorder were randomized to CT (n = 72), BT (n = 73), or WL (n = 74). The treatment arms consisted of 10 weekly internet-delivered modules with 15 min of telephone support per week. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants completed measures of insomnia severity, sleep diaries, functional impairment, anxiety, depression, quality of life, adverse events, satisfaction and perception of content, workload, and activity in treatment. Measures of completed exercises, modules, therapist support, and platform logins were also measured at posttreatment.Results: Moderate to large effect sizes for both CT and BT outperformed the WL on the majority of outcomes, with significant differences in favor of both therapy groups. Both treatment groups had significantly larger proportion of treatment remitters (CT: 35.8%, BT: 40%, WL: 2.7%) and responders (CT: 74.6%, BT 58.6%, WL: 10.8%) compared to the WL at posttreatment. There were no significant differences between the two therapy groups in terms of outcomes, except for sleep onset latency in favor of BT (6 min difference at posttreatment) and adverse events in favor of CT (CT 14.1% vs BT 43.2%).Conclusions: This study indicates that both Internet-delivered CT and BT are effective as stand-alone therapies for insomnia disorder. Results highlight the need for examining which therapy and subcomponents that are necessary for change.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02984670
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| 4. |
- Vo, Tina T., et al.
(författare)
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Does sleep duration moderate genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 45:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While prior research has demonstrated a relationship between sleep and cognitive performance, how sleep relates to underlying genetic and environmental etiologies contributing to cognitive functioning, regardless of the level of cognitive function, is unclear. The present study assessed whether the importance of genetic and environmental contributions to cognition vary depending on an individual’s aging-related sleep characteristics. The large sample consisted of twins from six studies within the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium spanning mid- to late-life (Average age [Mage] = 57.6, range = 27–91 years, N = 7052, Female = 43.70%, 1525 complete monozygotic [MZ] pairs, 2001 complete dizygotic [DZ] pairs). Quantitative genetic twin models considered sleep duration as a primary moderator of genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance in four cognitive abilities (Semantic Fluency, Spatial-Visual Reasoning, Processing Speed, and Episodic Memory), while accounting for age moderation. Results suggested genetic and both shared and nonshared environmental contributions for Semantic Fluency and genetic and shared environmental contributions for Episodic Memory vary by sleep duration, while no significant moderation was observed for Spatial-Visual Reasoning or Processing Speed. Results for Semantic Fluency and Episodic Memory illustrated patterns of higher genetic influences on cognitive function at shorter sleep durations (i.e. 4 hours) and higher shared environmental contributions to cognitive function at longer sleep durations (i.e. 10 hours). Overall, these findings may align with associations of upregulation of neuroinflammatory processes and ineffective beta-amyloid clearance in short sleep contexts and common reporting of mental fatigue in long sleep contexts, both associated with poorer cognitive functioning.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Sleepiness as motivation : a potential mechanism for how sleep deprivation affects behavior
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 43:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine how sleepiness and sleep deprivation drive the motivation to engage in different behaviors.METHODS: We studied the sleepiness of 123 participants who had been randomized to sleep deprivation or normal sleep, and their willingness to engage in a range of everyday behaviors.RESULTS: Self-reported sleepiness was a strong predictor of the motivation to engage in sleep-preparatory behaviors such as shutting one's eyes (OR=2.78, 95%CI: 2.19-3.52 for each step up on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and resting (OR=3.20, CI: 2.46-4.16). Sleepiness was also related to the desire to be cared for by a loved one (OR=1.49, CI: 1.22-1.82), and preparedness to utilize monetary and energy resources to get to sleep. Conversely, increased sleepiness was associated with a decreased motivation for social and physical activities (e.g., be with friends OR=0.71, CI: 0.61-0.82; exercise OR=0.65, CI: 0.56-0.76). Sleep deprivation had similar effects as sleepiness on these behaviors. Neither sleepiness nor sleep deprivation had strong associations with hunger, thirst, or food preferences.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that sleepiness is a dynamic motivational drive that promotes sleep-preparatory behaviors and competes with other drives and desired outcomes. Consequently, sleepiness may be a central mechanism by which impaired alertness, e.g., due to insufficient sleep, contributes to poor quality of life and adverse health. We propose that sleepiness helps organize behaviors toward the specific goal of assuring sufficient sleep, in competition with other needs and incentives. A theoretical framework on sleepiness and its behavioral consequences are likely to improve our understanding of several disease mechanisms.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Davidson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A daytime nap does not increase pattern separation ability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 42:1, s. 42-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionA large body of studies has showed that the ability to learn new information is impaired when we are sleep deprived. Pattern separation (PS), the ability to form distinct memories for events that are highly similar and share overlapping features, has also previously been found to be impaired by sleep deprivation. In the present study, we examined if a daytime nap would increase PS performance.Methods108 young healthy participants came to the lab in the morning and completed the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). This task starts with an encoding phase where participants view images of common everyday objects and are asked to classify them as indoor or outdoor objects. During a subsequent memory test, participants view three different kinds of objects; ‘old’ objects that were also present during the encoding phase, ‘new’ objects that have not been seen before, and ‘lure’ objects that are similar to, but not exactly the same as, objects viewed during encoding. The task of the participants during the re-test is to say if the objects presented are ‘old’, ‘new’ or ‘similar’. This test gives two different outcome measures: General Recognition (GR) - the ability to separate old objects from new ones, and PS - the ability to separate similar objects from old ones. After this task, participants were randomly allocated to either a sleep or a wake group. The sleep group had a two-hour nap opportunity and the wake group spent an equal amount of time resting. After this delay interval, participants completed the MST for a second time with a new set of images.ResultsResults revealed no support for sleep in increasing either GR or PS ability. Within the sleep group, there were no correlations between changes in PS ability and time spent in any sleep stage.ConclusionPrevious studies that have found a role of sleep for PS ability has done so using larger manipulation of sleep. Based on the present study however, just a short daytime nap does not seem to have any effect on PS ability.
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| 8. |
- Davidson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A daytime nap does not increase pattern separation ability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 42:1, s. 42-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction A large body of studies has showed that the ability to learn new information is impaired when we are sleep deprived. Pattern separation (PS), the ability to form distinct memories for events that are highly similar and share overlapping features, has also previously been found to be impaired by sleep deprivation. In the present study, we examined if a daytime nap would increase PS performance. Methods 108 young healthy participants came to the lab in the morning and completed the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). This task starts with an encoding phase where participants view images of common everyday objects and are asked to classify them as indoor or outdoor objects. During a subsequent memory test, participants view three different kinds of objects; ‘old’ objects that were also present during the encoding phase, ‘new’ objects that have not been seen before, and ‘lure’ objects that are similar to, but not exactly the same as, objects viewed during encoding. The task of the participants during the re-test is to say if the objects presented are ‘old’, ‘new’ or ‘similar’. This test gives two different outcome measures: General Recognition (GR) - the ability to separate old objects from new ones, and PS - the ability to separate similar objects from old ones. After this task, participants were randomly allocated to either a sleep or a wake group. The sleep group had a two-hour nap opportunity and the wake group spent an equal amount of time resting. After this delay interval, participants completed the MST for a second time with a new set of images. Results Results revealed no support for sleep in increasing either GR or PS ability. Within the sleep group, there were no correlations between changes in PS ability and time spent in any sleep stage. Conclusion Previous studies that have found a role of sleep for PS ability has done so using larger manipulation of sleep. Based on the present study however, just a short daytime nap does not seem to have any effect on PS ability.
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| 9. |
- Holding, Benjamin C., et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal Emotion Recognition Is Resilient to Insufficient Sleep : Results From Cross-Sectional and Experimental Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 40:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Insufficient sleep has been associated with impaired recognition of facial emotions. However, previous studies have found inconsistent results, potentially stemming from the type of static picture task used. We therefore examined whether insufficient sleep was associated with decreased emotion recognition ability in two separate studies using a dynamic multimodal task.Methods: Study 1 used a cross-sectional design consisting of 291 participants with questionnaire measures assessing sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality for the previous night. Study 2 used an experimental design involving 181 participants where individuals were quasi-randomized into either a sleep-deprivation (N = 90) or a sleep-control (N = 91) condition. All participants from both studies were tested on the same forced-choice multimodal test of emotion recognition to assess the accuracy of emotion categorization.Results: Sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality (study 1), and sleep deprivation (study 2) did not predict overall emotion recognition accuracy or speed. Similarly, the responses to each of the twelve emotions tested showed no evidence of impaired recognition ability, apart from one positive association suggesting that greater self-reported sleep quality could predict more accurate recognition of disgust (study 1).Conclusions: The studies presented here involve considerably larger samples than previous studies and the results support the null hypotheses. Therefore, we suggest that the ability to accurately categorize the emotions of others is not associated with short-term sleep duration or sleep quality and is resilient to acute periods of insufficient sleep.
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| 10. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The course of insomnia over one year : A longitudinal study in the general population in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 31:6, s. 881-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the course of insomnia in the general population over one year with an emphasis on prevalence, consequences, persistence, remission, and incidence of insomnia.Design: This study employed a longitudinal design with a 1-year follow-up. Insomnia was defined as reporting problems sleeping for three nights or more per week during the past three months, problems with daytime symptoms or daytime functioning, and difficulties with sleep onset, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakening.Participants: From a randomly selected sample of the adult general population (N = 3,000; 20-60 year), 1,746 individuals filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey.Results: The prevalence rates of insomnia were 6.8-9.7% at the two assessment points. The longitudinal analyses suggested that for 44.4% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, insomnia was characterized by persistence (4.3% of the general population). For 56.6% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, the condition remitted over one year (5.4% of the general population). The cumulative incidence of insomnia was 2.8% over the course of a year.Conclusions: In summary, the results showed that insomnia is a prevalent condition in the general population associated with negative consequences and is characterized not only by persistence but also by relatively high remission and incidence.
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