| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- De Leo, D, et al.
(author)
-
Repetition of suicidal behaviour in elderly Europeans : a prospective longitudinal study.
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 72:3, s. 291-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess any predictive factors for repeated attempted suicide and completed suicide in a 1-year follow-up on a sample of elderly European suicide attempters (60 years and over). From 1990 to 1993, 63 subjects completed the first interview and were recontacted after 1 year. At follow-up, eight subjects (12.7%) had taken their lives and seven (11.1%) had repeated at least one suicide attempt. On comparison of repeaters and non-repeaters, differences emerged in terms of death of the father in childhood and for mean Suicidal Intent Score. At the end of follow-up period, repeaters reported a more frequent desire to repeat suicidal behaviour and judged their mental health and social assistance received to be worse. Suicides and non-repeaters differed especially in relation to death of father during childhood and number of contacts with General Practitioner. Interpretation of the results must take into account the smallness of the test sample, the difficulties in obtaining complete data for the follow-up interview, the lack of a control group and a diagnosis formulated in a hospital consultation setting. The study confirms, however, the high risk of repetition of suicidal behaviour in the elderly. In old age suicidal ideation is often sustained over long periods of time and requests for help are addressed to relatives and GPs. An interesting finding is the more frequent death of the father during childhood among repeaters.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fekadu, Abebaw, et al.
(author)
-
Bipolar disorder among an isolated island community in Ethiopia
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 80:1, s. 1-10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychiatric data on population groups of geographic and social isolates are rare, but can potentially give insights into factors of aetiological importance. The Zeway islanders have lived in geographic and cultural isolation for over three centuries. AIM: To determine the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among the adult population of Zeway islands. METHODS: A three stage screening design that included the use of structured interview instruments (CIDI and SCAN), key informants, and clinical assessment by psychiatrists was employed for case identification. RESULTS: Prevalence of bipolar disorders among the adult population (n = 1691) was 1.83% (n = 31) with 66% of the cases originating from one of the islands that constitutes only 17.33% of the study population. Only one subject was identified with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: A pattern of differential prevalence for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia appears to exist in this isolated population, which also seems shared by other isolated population groups. The high prevalence of bipolar disorders with clustering of cases on one island may represent an environmental or genetic factor of etiologic relevance that deserves further exploration.
|
|
| 4. |
- Negash, Alemayehu, 1962-, et al.
(author)
-
Neurological soft signs in bipolar I disorder patients
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 80:2/3, s. 221-230
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) have been reported to be more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia compared to other psychiatric and non-psychiatric controls. However, this issue in bipolar I disorder seems to be understudied. Aims: The aims of the study were to examine the extent to which NSS are associated with bipolar I disorder cases compared to healthy controls, to assess the possible relationship between NSS and clinical dimensions of the disorder, and to explore the association of sociodemographic characteristics with the occurrence of NSS in cases with this disorder. Methods: Predominantly treatment naïve cases of bipolar I disorder from rural communities were assessed for NSS using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Results: This study showed that patients with bipolar I disorder performed significantly worse on two NES items from the sensory integration subscale, on one item from motor coordination and on four items from the ‘others’ subscale, the highest difference in performance being in items under the sequencing of complex motor acts subscale. Clinical dimensions and sociodemographic characteristics appeared to have no relationship with NES total score. Conclusions: Bipolar I disorder patients seem to have more neurological dysfunction compared to healthy controls particularly in the area of sequencing of complex motor acts. In addition, the finding suggests that NSS in bipolar I disorder are stable neurological abnormalities established at its onset or may be essential characteristic features of the disorder representing stable disease process that existed long before its onset.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ramklint, Mia, et al.
(author)
-
Personality disorders and personality traits in early onset versus late onset major depression
- 2003
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 75:1, s. 35-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to determine the relationship between certain personalitydisorders and/or personality traits and early onset major depression. Methods: A total of 400 depressed primary care patients were assessed for personality disorders using the SCID screen and for personality traits using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) questionnaire. Early onset was defined as onset of the first episode before the age of 26. Logistic regressions were performed to reveal relationships after adjustment for sex, age and number of previous episodes. Results: Both groups had a similar severity of current illness determined by the Montgomery-Angstromsberg Depression Rating Scale. Those with anearly onset presented with a more debilitating course, seen in the form of more depressive episodes and previous hospitalisations in spite of their younger age. Early onset was also an independent predictor for avoidant, borderline and paranoid personality disorders. It also predicted increased scores on the KSP scales Psychic anxiety, Psychasthenia, Muscular tension, Suspicion and Irritability, and decreased Socialisation. Limitations: The evaluation was performed as a self-assessment, subjects had a superimposed major depressive episode when assessed, and subgroups of individuals were not eligible. Conclusions: Earlyonset major depression is a predictor for personality pathology and deviant personality traits. A better understanding of the interplay between genetics and environment that underlies this phenomenon will help to improve the long-term course in afflicted individuals.
|
|
| 6. |
- Abdollahi, Abbas, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of exercise augmentation of cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of suicidal ideation and depression
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 219, s. 58-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Suicidal ideation and depression are prevalent and costly conditions that reduce quality of life. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of exercise as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for suicidal ideation and depression among depressed individuals.Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 54 mildly to moderately depressed patients (54% female, mean age=48.25) were assigned to a combined CBT and exercise group or to a CBT only group. Both groups received one weekly session of therapy for 12 weeks, while the combined group also completed exercise three times weekly over the same period. Self-reported suicidal ideation, depression, and activities of daily living were measured at the beginning and the end of treatment.Results: Multilevel modelling revealed greater improvements in suicidal ideation, depression, and activities of daily living in the combined CBT and exercise group, compared to the CBT only group.Limitations: No follow-up data were collected, so the long-term effects (i.e., maintenance of gains) is unclear.Conclusions: The findings revealed that exercise adjunct to CBT effectively decreases both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in mildly to moderately depressed individuals.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Alaie, Iman, et al.
(author)
-
Longitudinal trajectories of sickness absence among young adults with a history of depression and anxiety symptoms in Sweden
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 339, s. 271-279
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of sickness absence (SA), yet the developmental patterns of SA remain unclear. We aimed to identify trajectories of SA in young adults with depression and/or anxiety, accounting for sociodemographic and occupational factors.Methods: Longitudinal study of 1445 twin individuals with elevated depressive/anxiety symptoms in late adolescence or young adulthood (age range: 19-30), assessed in Swedish surveys completed in 2005. Through linkage to nationwide registries, individuals were prospectively followed from 2006 to 2018. The outcome included consecutive annual days of SA, which were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling. Multinomial logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was used to examine associations of age, sex, and educational level with the resulting SA trajectories.Results: Four distinct SA trajectories were identified in the total sample: 'high-increasing' (6 %), 'low-increasing' (12 %), 'high-decreasing' (13 %), and 'low-constant' (69 %). Increasing age was associated with higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.12). Women had higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.10-2.53), compared with men. Higher education was associated with lower odds of belonging to high-increasing (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI = 0.22-0.54) and high-decreasing (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI = 0.43-0.81) trajectories, compared with lower education. Few differences were observed in analyses stratified by occupational sector.Limitations: Information on potential confounders (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, work-environment factors) was not available.Conclusions: Among young adults with prior depression/anxiety, close to every fifth showed rising SA trajectories over time. This calls for targeted strategies to improve public mental health already at young ages.
|
|
| 9. |
- Albrecht, Sophie C., et al.
(author)
-
The longitudinal relationship between control over working hours and depressive symptoms : Results from SLOSH, a population-based cohort study
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 215, s. 143-151
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychosocial work factors can affect depressive moods, but research is inconclusive if flexibility to self-determine working hours (work-time control, WTC) is associated with depressive symptoms over time. We investigated if either sub-dimension of WTC, control over daily hours and control over time off, was related to depressive symptoms over time and examined causal, reversed-causal, and reciprocal pathways.METHODS: The study was based on four waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health which is a follow-up of representative samples of the Swedish working population. WTC was measured using a 5-item index. Depressive symptoms were assessed with a brief subscale of the Symptom Checklist. Latent growth curve models and cross-lagged panel models were tested.RESULTS: Best fit was found for a model with correlated intercepts (control over daily hours) and both correlated intercepts and slopes (control over time off) between WTC and depressive symptoms, with stronger associations for control over time off. Causal models estimating impacts from WTC to subsequent depressive symptoms were best fitting, with a standardised coefficient between -0.023 and -0.048.LIMITATIONS: Results were mainly based on self-report data and mean age in the study sample was relatively high.CONCLUSION: Higher WTC was related to fewer depressive symptoms over time albeit small effects. Giving workers control over working hours - especially over taking breaks and vacation - may improve working conditions and buffer against developing depression, potentially by enabling workers to recover more easily and promoting work-life balance.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
