| 1. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in the emergency department in patients with chest pain but no myocardial infarction
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 228, s. 253-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was recently introduced into clinical practice. The increased sensitivity has decreased the specificity. We aimed to determine the predictors for and prevalence of hs-cTnT levels above the 99th percentile in a stable population of patients without myocardial infarction (MI) who sought medical attention for chest pain in the emergency department. Methods: We included 11,847 patients with chest pain and at least one hs-cTnT measurement during 2011 and 2012. Patients with any acute reasons for an elevated hs-cTnT level were excluded. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between patient characteristics and hs-cTnT levels of >14 ng/L. We also determined 50th, 75th, 97.5th, and 99th percentile values of hs-cTnT levels in relation to age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and presence or absence of comorbidities. Results: In total, 1360 (11%) patients had hs-cTnT levels of >14 ng/L. Men had higher troponin levels than women, and older patients had higher levels than younger patients. The strongest predictor of an elevated troponin level was a reduced eGFR. The 99th percentile for hs-cTnT among all men and among women <50 years of age with normal renal function was 20 and 12 ng/L, respectively; this level increased to 44 and 36 ng/L, respectively, at the age of 70-79 years. Conclusions: A hs-cTnT level above the 99th percentile in patients with chest pain but no MI is common and is related to sex, age, and eGFR.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood deprivation and warfarin, aspirin and statin prescription - A cohort study of men and women treated for atrial fibrillation in Swedish primary care
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 187, s. 547-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Weaimed to study differences in the prescribing of warfarin, aspirin and statins to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in socio-economically diverse neighborhoods. We also aimed to explore the effects of neighborhood deprivation on the relationship between CHADS2 risk score and warfarin prescription. Methods: Data were obtained from primary health care records that contained individual clinical data that were linked to national data on neighborhood of residence and a deprivation index for different neighborhoods. Logistic regression was used to estimate the potential neighborhood differences in prescribed warfarin, aspirin and statins, and the association between the CHADS2 score and prescribed warfarin treatment, in neighborhoods with high, middle (referent) and low socio-economic (SES). Results: After adjustment for age, socio-economic factors, co-morbidities and moves to neighborhoods with different SES during follow-up, adults with AF living in high SES neighborhoods were more often prescribed warfarin (men odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44 (1.27-1.62); and women OR (95% CI): 1.19 (1.05-1.36)) and statins (men OR (95% CI): 1.23 (1.07-1.41); women OR (95% CI): 1.23 (1.05-1.44)) compared to their counterparts residing in middle SES. Prescription of aspirin was lower in men from high SES neighborhoods (OR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.65-0.86)) than in those from middle SES neighborhoods. Higher CHADS2 risk scores were associated with higher warfarin prescription which remained after adjustment for neighborhood SES. Conclusions: The apparent inequalities in pharmacotherapy seen in the present study call for resource allocation to primary care in neighborhoods with low and middle socio-economic status.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lundback, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-specific risk of emergency department revisits and early readmission following myocardial infarction
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 243, s. 54-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Readmissions within 30 days after hospitalization have been introduced as a measure of quality of care. There is a paucity of data regarding sex-specific risk of early readmissions after myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives: To investigate the association between sex and revisits to the emergency department (ED), and readmissions after MI. Methods: All patients with chest pain, diagnosed with MI at the Karolinska University Hospital during 2011 and 2012 were included. National Health care registers were used for information about patient characteristics, outcomes, and medication. We calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in women versus men, for revisits to the ED, readmission to hospital within 30, and 180 days, and to undergo coronary angiography, or revascularization, and to receive guideline-directed cardiovascular medication. Results: In total there were 667 patients with MI during the study period, of whom 197 (30%) were women. Womenwere older (mean age 73 vs. 65 years), and had more comorbidities thanmen. The 30-day risk of revisits to the ED was 1.56 times greater in women thanmen (adjusted RR 1.56 (1.09-2.25)). Throughout the first year; women were more likely to be readmitted than men, with the most striking difference found within 30 days (22% vs. 13%) of discharge (adjusted RR 1.54 (95% CI, 1.00-2.36)). There were no differences between men and women in new cardiovascular medication, coronary angiographies or revascularizations. Conclusions: Women have an increased risk of revisits to the ED, and readmissions to hospital during the first year after a MI.
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| 5. |
- Roos, A., et al.
(författare)
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Investigations, findings, and follow-up in patients with chest pain and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels but no myocardial infarction
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 232, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elevated troponin levels, in patients without myocardial infarction (MI), are associated with increased mortality. In an observational cohort study we aimed to assess how patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels, and no MI are investigated and followed up, compared to patients with MI. Methods: During January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012, all patients > 25 years of age, with chest pain and elevated hs-cTnT levels or MI, at the Karolinska University Hospital were included. We calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for echocardiographies, stress tests, and follow-up, and compared medication in patients with and without MI. Results: 1848 patients with elevated hs-cTnT levels but no MI, of whom 871 (47%) had no prior heart disease, and 667 patients with MI were included. Echocardiography was performed in 609 patients (33%) without MI and 580 (87%) with MI (adjusted RR 0.42; 95% CI, 0.37-0.48). Follow-up was planned for 856 (46%) patients without MI and 611 (92%) with MI (adjusted RR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48-0.60). Among patients without MI and no heart disease who underwent echocardiography 46 (14%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction of <= 40%, and on stress tests 27 (37%) had findings associated with ischemia. Platelet inhibitors and statins were started in 266 (25%) and 199 (17%) patients without MI, respectively, compared with 424 (93%), and 416 (86%) patients with MI. Conclusions: Patients with elevated hs-cTnT levels and no MI are rarely investigated for detection of cardiac disease or followed up, or started on cardiovascular medication that potentially could prevent future cardiovascular events and death. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Wandell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood socio-economic status and all-cause mortality in adults with atrial fibrillation : A cohort study of patients treated in primary care in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 202, s. 776-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Our aim was to study the potential impact of neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) on all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated in primary care. Methods: Study population included adults (n = 12,283) of 45 years and older diagnosed with AF in 75 primary care centres in Sweden. Association between neighbourhood SES and all-cause mortality was explored using Cox regression analysis, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and by Laplace regression where years to death (95% CI) of the first 10% of the participants were used as an outcome. All models were conducted in both men and women and adjusted for age, educational level, marital status, change of neighbourhood status, cardiovascular co-morbidities, anticoagulant treatment and statin treatment. High-and low neighbourhood SES were compared with middle SES as reference group. Results: After adjustments for potential confounders, higher relative risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.13-1.96) was observed in men living in low SES neighbourhoods compared to those from middle SES neighbourhoods. The results were confirmed using Laplace regression; the time until the first 10% of the men in low SES neighbourhoods died was 1.45 (95% CI 0.48-2.42) years shorter than for the men in middle SES neighbourhoods. Conclusions: Increased rates of heart disease and subsequent mortality among adults in deprived neighbourhoods raise important clinical and public health concerns. These findings could serve as an aid to policy-makers when allocating resources in primary health care settings as well as to clinicians who encounter patients in deprived neighbourhoods.
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| 8. |
- Wändell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Antihypertensive drugs and relevant cardiovascular pharmacotherapies and the risk of incident dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 272, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia are predominant among the elderly; patients with AF have an increased dementia risk. We aimed to study if prescribed antihypertensive drugs and cardiovascular pharmacotherapies are associated with a lower relative risk of dementia. Methods: All included patients were ≥45 years and diagnosed with AF in primary care; 12,096 (6580 men and 5516 women) in Sweden. We excluded patients with a dementia diagnosis before onset of AF. Cox regression was used (hazard ratios, HRs, and 95% confidence interval, CI) with adjustments for sex, age, socioeconomic factors and co-morbidities. Results: Incident dementia occurred in 750 patients (6.2%) during an average of 5.6 years of follow-up (a total of 69,214 person-years). Patients prescribed thiazides HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.66–0.99) and warfarin HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.92) had a lower risk of dementia than patients without these drugs. The use of 1–4 of the different antihypertensive drug classes (thiazides, beta blocker, vessel active calcium channel blockers or renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) blockers) were associated with a reduction of incident dementia; HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.64–1.00) for one to two drugs, and HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.46–0.84) for three or four drugs, versus having no prescribed antihypertensive drugs. The combination of a RAAS-blocker and a thiazide was significant, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.53–0.92), versus not having that particular combination prescribed, while RAAS-blockers or thiazides separately were not significant. Conclusion: Prescribed antihypertensive drugs, including thiazide/RAAS-blocker combination therapy and use of warfarin, were associated with a decreased incidence of dementia.
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| 9. |
- Wändell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cardiovascular pharmacotherapies on incident dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation : A cohort study of all patients above 45 years diagnosed with AF in hospitals in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 297, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased dementia risk dementia. We aimed to study the effect of antihypertensive drugs on dementia in AF patients. Methods: Included patients were ≥45 years diagnosed with AF in Swedish National Patient Register (n = 160,251; 89,723 men and 70,528 women) and alive on January 1, 2007. We excluded patients with dementia before onset of AF. Cox regression was used (hazard ratios, HRs, and 99% confidence interval, CI) with adjustments for sex, age, socioeconomic factors and co-morbidities, using incident dementia diagnosis until December 31, 2015 as outcome. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapies were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Results: Incident dementia occurred in 9532 patients (5.9%), 4669 men (5.2%) and 4863 women (6.9%). ARBs were associated with lower risk for all patients (HR 0.87, 99% CI 0.78–0.98), especially in the ages 65–84 years of age (HR 0.87, 99% CI 0.76–0.99). Loop-diuretics were associated with higher risk for all dementia among patients 65–84 years of age (HR 1.16, 99% CI 1.00–1.35), and in the sub-group of other causes of dementia than Alzheimer Disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) (HR 1.14, 99% CI 1.00–1.30), but with a lower risk in the sub-group of AD and VaD (HR 0.81, 99% CI 0.68–0.95). Conclusion: ARBs were associated with a decreased incidence of dementia, and loop diuretics with a higher risk in general but lower risk in the AD and VaD sub-group. ARBs could have specific advantages in prevention of dementia, but the results need confirmation in further studies.
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| 10. |
- Wändell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Warfarin treatment and risk of myocardial infarction — A cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation treated in primary health care
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 221, s. 789-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To study the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated in primary health care with warfarin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin). Methods The study population included subjects (n = 12,283) 45 years or older diagnosed with AF who were treated in 75 primary care centres in Sweden between 2001 and 2007. MI was defined as a hospital stay for MI during 2001 through 2010 registered in the Swedish Patient Register. Associations between warfarin or ASA treatment and incident MI were explored using Cox regression analysis, by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Adjustment was made for age, socio-economic factors and cardio-vascular co-morbidity. Results Persistent treatment (“per protocol” treatment) with warfarin alone was present among 32.4% of women and 37.4% of men, and with ASA alone among 30.0% of women and 28.1% of men. The fully adjusted HRs for MI, compared to those with no antithrombotic treatment, with warfarin treatment for women were 0.26 (95% CI 0.16–0.41) and for men 0.28 (95% CI 0.20–0.39); and the corresponding HRs for those treated with ASA were for women 0.57 (95% CI 0.37–0.87), and for men 0.44 95% CI (0.31–0.63). The fully adjusted HR for MI when comparing patients with warfarin treatment to those with ASA treatment was for women 0.46 (95% CI 0.27–0.80), and for men 0.58 (95% CI 0.38–0.89). Conclusions Warfarin seems to prevent MI among AF patients in a primary healthcare setting, which emphasizes the importance of persistent anticoagulant treatment in those patients.
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