| 1. |
- Berdal Anderson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome in the guppy: : Theeffect of sex and body size
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ethology. - : Wiley. - 0179-1613 .- 1439-0310.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work on animal personalities has shown that individuals within populations often differ consistently in various types of behaviour and that many of these behaviours correlate among individuals to form behavioural syndromes. Individuals of certain species have also been shown to differ in their rate of behavioural innovation in arriving at novel solutions to new and existing problems (e.g., mazes, novel foods). Here, we investigate whether behaviours traditionally studied in personality research are correlated with individual rates of innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of both sexes from three different wild population sources were assessed: (a) exploration of an open area; (b) speed through a three‐dimensional maze; (c) investigation of a novel object; and (d) attraction to a novel food. The covariance structure (syndrome structure) was examined using structural equation modelling. The best model separated behaviours relating to activity in all contexts from rates of exploration/investigation and innovation. Innovative behaviour (utilizing new food and moving through a novel area) in these fish therefore forms part of the same syndrome as the traditional shy‐bold continuum (exploration of an open area and investigation of a novel object) found in many animal personality studies. There were no clear differences in innovation or syndrome structure between the sexes, or between the three different populations. However, body size was implicated as part of the behavioural syndrome structure, and because body size is highly correlated with age in guppies, this suggests that individual behavioural differences in personality/innovation in guppies may largely be driven by developmental state.
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| 2. |
- Lewander, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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NF-kappa B p65 phosphorylated at serine-536 is an independent prognostic factor in Swedish colorectal cancer patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 27:4, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NF-kappa B transcription factor protein family has diverse cellular and biological functions, and posttranslational modification is important to regulate these functions. An important site of phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 subunit is at serine-536 (phospho-Ser536-p65), and this phosphorylation is involved in regulation of transcriptional activity, nuclear localization, and protein stability. In this study, we investigated expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 in colorectal cancers and its relationships with clinicopathological factors. The expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 203 primary colorectal cancers, 156 normal mucosa specimens, and 18 metastases in the lymph nodes. The expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 increased from normal mucosa to primary tumor (p < 0.0001). Further, the increased expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 in the cytoplasm of the primary tumors correlated with worse survival of the patients independently of gender, age, tumor location, stage, and differentiation (p = 0.04; hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI 1.03-3.47). The NF-kappa B p65 subunit phosphorylated at serine-536 is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients.
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| 3. |
- Aleksanyan, Hayk, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Fourier Analysis in Homogenization of the Dirichlet Problem : L-p Estimates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. - : Springer. - 0003-9527 .- 1432-0673. ; 215:1, s. 65-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let u(epsilon) be a solution to the system div(A(epsilon)(x)del u(epsilon)(x)) = 0 in D, u(epsilon)(x) = g(x, x/epsilon) on partial derivative D, where D subset of R-d (d >= 2), is a smooth uniformly convex domain, and g is 1-periodic in its second variable, and both A(epsilon) and g are sufficiently smooth. Our results in this paper are twofold. First we prove L-p convergence results for solutions of the above system and for the non-oscillating operator A(epsilon)(x) = A(x), with the following convergence rate for all 1 <= p < infinity parallel to u(epsilon) - u(0)parallel to (LP(D)) <= C-P {epsilon(1/2p), d = 2, (epsilon vertical bar ln epsilon vertical bar)(1/p), d = 3, epsilon(1/p), d >= 4, which we prove is (generically) sharp for d >= 4. Here u(0) is the solution to the averaging problem. Second, combining our method with the recent results due to Kenig, Lin and Shen (Commun Pure Appl Math 67(8): 1219-1262, 2014), we prove (for certain class of operators and when d >= 3) ||u(epsilon) - u(0)||(Lp(D)) <= C-p[epsilon(ln(1/epsilon))(2)](1/p) for both the oscillating operator and boundary data. For this case, we take A(epsilon) = A(x/epsilon), where A is 1-periodic as well. Some further applications of the method to the homogenization of the Neumann problem with oscillating boundary data are also considered.
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