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- Bukovics, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of PACAP level in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
- 2014
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Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 60, s. 18-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PACAP has well-known neuroprotective potential including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its level is up-regulated following various insults of the CNS in animal models. A few studies have documented alterations of PACAP levels in human serum. The time course of post-ictal PACAP levels, for example, show correlation with migraine severity. Very little is known about the course of PACAP levels following CNS injury in humans and the presence of PACAP has not yet been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects with severe TBI (sTBI). The aim of the present study was to determine whether PACAP occurs in the CSF and plasma (Pl) of patients that suffered sTBI and to establish a time course of PACAP levels in the CSF and Pl. Thirty eight subjects with sTBI were enrolled with a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 on admission. Samples were taken daily, until the time of death or for maximum 10 days. Our results demonstrated that PACAP was detectable in the CSF, with higher concentrations in patients with TBI. PACAP concentrations markedly increased in both Pl and CSF in the majority of patients 24-48h after the injury stayed high thereafter. In cases of surviving patients, Pl and CSF levels displayed parallel patterns, which may imply the damage of the blood-brain barrier. However, in patients, who died within the first week, Pl levels were markedly higher than CSF levels, possibly indicating the prognostic value of high Pl PACAP levels.
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| 2. |
- Ström, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 17β-estradiol on galanin(1-29)- and galanin(1-16)-like immunoreactivities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Peptides. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 43, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are reasons to believe that the galanin neuropeptide family could include more than the two hitherto known members (galanin(1-29) and galanin-like peptide), such as the existence of at least three galanin receptors and the fact that synthetic short-chain homologues have effects and binding sites that are distinct from those of galanin(1-29). The current study uses a radioimmunoassay based on a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against galanin(1-16) to study the concentrations of galanin(1-16) like immunoreactivity (LI) in the various parts of the brain and gut of ovariectomized female rats, and investigates the effects of different concentrations of estradiol on these concentrations in relation to galanin(1-29)-LI. Galanin(1-29) concentrations were increased by 17 beta-estradiol administration in almost all examined tissues whereas galanin(1-16)-LI was increased by 17 beta-estradiol treatment in most of the gut, but only in the pituitary of the brain. Furthermore, the relation between galanin(1-29)-LI and galanin(1-16)-LI varied substantially from tissue to tissue. The main hypothesis, that galanin(1-16)LI would be affected by 17 beta-estradiol in brain and/or gut, was confirmed in addition to the secondary hypothesis, stating that the pattern of galanin(1-16)-LI changes would differ from that of galanin(1-29). The study indicates that galanin(1-16)-LI is estrogen-responsive but that its concentrations are regulated differently from that of galanin(1-29). This is strongly indicative of a biological relevance of this potentially new member of the galanin neuropeptide family.
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