| 1. |
- Crucianelli, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Interoception as independent cardiac, thermosensory, nociceptive, and affective touch perceptual submodalities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neuroscience. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interoception includes signals from inner organs and thin afferents in the skin, providing information about the body’s physiological state. However, the functional relationships between interoceptive submodalities are unclear, and thermosensation as skin-based interoception has rarely been considered. We used five tasks to examine the relationships among cardiac awareness, thermosensation, affective touch, and nociception. Thermosensation was probed with a classic temperature detection task and the new dynamic thermal matching task, where participants matched perceived moving thermal stimuli in a range of colder/warmer stimuli around thermoneutrality. We also examined differences between hairy and non-hairy skin and found superior perception of dynamic temperature and static cooling on hairy skin. Notably, no significant correlations were observed across interoceptive submodality accuracies (except for cold and pain perception in the palm), which indicates that interoception at perceptual levels should be conceptualised as a set of relatively independent processes and abilities rather than a single construct.
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| 2. |
- Radziun, Dominika, et al.
(författare)
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Limits of cross-modal plasticity? Short-term visual deprivation does not enhance cardiac interoception, thermosensation, or tactile spatial acuity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neuroscience. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term visual deprivation on discriminative touch, cardiac interoception, and thermosensation by asking 64 healthy volunteers to perform four behavioral tasks. The experimental group contained 32 subjects who were blindfolded and kept in complete darkness for 110 minutes, while the control group consisted of 32 volunteers who were not blindfolded but were otherwise kept under identical experimental conditions. Both groups performed the required tasks three times: before and directly after deprivation (or control) and after an additional washout period of 40 minutes, in which all participants were exposed to normal light conditions. Our results showed that short- term visual deprivation had no effect on any of the senses tested. This finding suggests that short-term visual deprivation does not modulate basic bodily senses and extends this principle beyond tactile processing to the interoceptive modalities of cardiac and thermal sensations.
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| 3. |
- Kjellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological response patterns during 'intake' and 'rejection' tasks
- 1979
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 9:1, s. 63-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two 2-min tasks, one requiring outer-directed attention (intake task), the other a mental arithmetic task (rejection task) were presented to 20 subjects. According to Lacey the distinguishing feature of the response to intake task are cardiac deceleration and blood pressure decreases. None of these responses was obtained. Some variables, however, were only affected by one of the task; the intake task led to a decreased hand (skin) blood flow and an increased hand vascular resistance, whereas a heart rate acceleration and increased forearm (muscle) blood flow and decreased forearm vascular resistance were observed during the rejection task. Blood pressure, respiration rate and skin conductance were similarly affected by the two tasks. Inconsistencies among previous studies of the response to the two types of tasks were discussed and found to be partially explained by methodological differences.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Magnusson, Eva, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate control and aversive stimulation
- 1981
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 12:2-3, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- College students were required to train heart rate control (heart rate increase and decrease) with visual feedback for three sessions in a within-person design. In the second and third sessions a test period was added when electric shocks were delivered during half in the trials. Subjects had been grouped in advance in an Aware and an Unaware group on the basis of the Automatic Perception Questionnaire (APQ).The results contradicted some findings by other authors which claim that biofeedback can be used to ameliorate subjective effects of aversive stimulation. Alternative interpretations of the discrepant findings were discussed in terms of expectancy effects that may influence autonomically Aware subjects more strongly than Unaware subjects.
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| 6. |
- Magnusson, Eva, 1947-
(författare)
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The effects of controlled muscle tension on performance and learning of heart-rate control
- 1976
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 4:2, s. 81-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty female subjects were divided in three groups and instructed in group I to increase their HRs with the aid of continuous feedback of performance, while they tensed their right forearm muscles 20% of maximal voluntary contraction. In the last session only feedback was used. Group II were trained with feedback only. Group III for the first two sessions tensed their muscles only, and in the last session trained HR increases with feedback only.Group I was superior in HR performance in the first two sessions. In the third session they deteriorated significantly and could not be distinguished from the other two groups. The results were interpreted in terms of relations between somatic and autonomic events and transfer between different states of somatic involvement during learning.Electrodermal activity and respiration were included as control variables.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Not getting used to the smell – Chemical intolerance as lack of habituation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 129:Suppl. C, s. 377-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Chemical intolerance is a prevalent, medically unexplained symptom characterized by diverse symptoms following weak chemical exposure. The symptom-eliciting exposures are often odorous, and include perfume, fabric softeners and fragrant flowers. Several explanatory mechanisms have been proposed, but empirical data is scarce. By reanalyzing data from previous studies, we aimed to find a criterion for chemical intolerance based on reactions to actual chemical exposure.Method:We grouped participants from six previous studies based on their pattern of habituation to weak olfactory (amylacetate and n-butanol) and trigeminal (CO2 and acrolein) compounds. In two studies utilizing event-related potentials, and one functional magnetic resonance imaging study, stimuli were presented intranasally using a dynamic olfactometer. An exposure chamber that allowed full body exposure was used in the remaining three studies.Results:Individuals who did not habituate to weak chemical exposure, compared with those who did, reported (1) increasing symptoms during the course of the exposure, (2) greater problems with odors in everyday life, and (3) greater levels of everyday distress. They (4) performed worse on cognitively demanding tasks during exposure, and differed in measures of (5) the autonomic nervoussystem(respiratoryrateandpulseratevariability),(6)low-level inflammation and oxidative stress, and (7) the so called pain matrix of the brain.Discussion:Lack of habituation to weak chemical exposure may be a fruitful method of defining a sub-group of chemical intolerance.
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| 8. |
- Aue, Tatjana, et al.
(författare)
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First Evidence for Differential and Sequential Efferent Effects of stimulus relevance and goal conduciveness appraisal
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 74:3, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of a memory task, participants were presented with pictures displaying biological and cultural threat stimuli or neutral stimuli (goal relevance manipulation) with superimposed symbols signaling monetary gains or losses (goal conduciveness manipulation). Results for heart rate and facial electromyogram show differential efferent effects of the respective appraisal outcomes and provide first evidence for sequential processing, as postulated by Scherer's Component Process Model of emotion. It is suggested that different physiological variables can serve as markers of different underlying processes, with activity over the brow region (M. Corrugator supercilii) signaling cognitive processing, heart rate changes representing response mobilization for action preparation, and activity over the cheek region (M. Zygomaticus major) serving communicative purposes.
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| 9. |
- Babarro, Izaro, et al.
(författare)
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Do prepubertal hormones, 2D:4D index and psychosocial context jointly explain 11-year-old preadolescents involvement in bullying?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bullying is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly and intentionally in school environments and where there is a power imbalance. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association that hormones and the psychosocial context jointly have with bullying behavior. Method: Participants were 302 11-year-old preadolescents from the Gipuzkoan cohort of the INMA Project. Bullying was assessed using the Olweus Bully/victim Questionnaire. Prenatal sexual hormones were assessed by calculating 2D:4D ratio and in order to measure prepubertal testosterone and cortisol levels saliva samples were collected within a week of each other. Additionally, various psychosocial factors were evaluated: executive function, family context, school environment and social context. To analyze our complex hypothesis, six metamodels were tested using structural equation modeling. Results: In relation to victims, results showed that victimization was related to worse school environment perception in boys, and higher stress and conflict in the family in girls. In the case of their involvement in bullying as a bully, lower salivary cortisol levels, worse school environment perception and lower peers and social support was related to being more frequently involved as a bully in boys, while having more family stress and conflict was related with being a bully in girls. Conclusions: This approach makes it possible not only to explore the different biological and psychosocial factors affect bullying behavior, but also to explore associations between the predictor variables.
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| 10. |
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