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| 2. |
- Benner, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Head in the clouds and feet on the ground
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 39:2, s. 258-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Few countries have increased their expenditure on R&D as rapidly as has China in recent years. However, so far, little academic attention has been paid to how decisions are taken and priorities set in Chinese research policy. This paper analyzes priority-setting in China's recent research policy. We find that China's research policy is driven by a variety of different, and sometimes conflicting, objectives, leading to a multitude of often overlapping initiatives. Secondly, mission- and excellence-driven research dominates over institution- and capacity-building and diffusion objectives. Thirdly, the process of setting research priorities is characterized by a combination of central goal articulation-top-down decision-making-and decentralization, deliberation and stakeholder consultation-bottom-up mechanisms. Aside from contributing to the understanding of China's research and innovation policy and system, this paper provides insights into policy change in China more generally and also into the processes which shape priority-setting in transition economies.
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| 3. |
- Boholm, Max, 1982
(författare)
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Political representations of nano in Swedish government documents
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 41:5, s. 575-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the political dimensions of nanotechnology and related nanophenomena, by conducting a systematic and detailed analysis of the linguistic practices in Swedish government documents. A total of 180 documents (1985–2011) referring to nano are analysed with regard to the types of phenomena referred to in terms of nano and what is said about these nanophenomena. More precisely, the lexical and grammatical context of nano in sentences is explored. Based on these linguistic patterns, general themes are identified, for example, knowledge, support, innovation, benefits, competence and competition, application, risk, and regulation. Based on the findings, the conclusion is drawn that government discourse on nano is political in three senses: it is articulated by politicians; it formulates matters of collective concern; and it expresses and promotes specific social interests, rather than others, namely, government support of an allegedly uniform nanofield.
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| 4. |
- Broström, Anders
(författare)
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Interaction with science : In what sense a case of learning by doing?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 41:2, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the contribution of Cohen et al. (Management Science, 2002, 48: 1-23), it is well established that linkages between engineering firms and public research organisations serve to both suggest new R&D projects and comple existing projects. However, the literature has little to say about whether these two types of outcomes are linked or independent effects. Drawing on theories of organisational learning and empirical analysis of data on Swedish engineering firms, this paper establishes that the occurrence of useful impulses to further R& D is inherently linked to the achievement of objectives related to a firm's ongoing R& D projects. This connection is, however, mediated by the character of the project objective. Compared to linkages where objectives of exploration and exploitation are balanced, the connection between serendipitous learning and the achievement of established R& D objectives is stronger when these objectives are oriented towards exploration and weaker when objectives are oriented towards exploitation.
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| 5. |
- Eklöf, Jenny, 1973-
(författare)
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Success Story or Cautionary Tale? : Swedish Ethanol in Co-existing Science-Policy Frameworks
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:10, s. 795-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden's consumption of transport ethanol has given the country a specific biofuel profile in Europe. In recent commentary, Sweden is either depicted as an environmental role model, or figures as a cautionary tale of things going wrong. In both cases, science plays a central role for how this success, or failure, has been achieved. Drawing on the insight that science and policy are highly interwoven, the article identifies different, co-existing and sometimes conflicting, science-policy frameworks. It sets out to shed some light over the complexities of science-policy interactions in the biofuel case and argues that one needs to ask which science is relevant for which policy choice, be aware that lack of scientific certainty carries different weight in different political situations and recognise that high decision-stakes entail value-plurality, also within scientific circles.
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| 6. |
- Elzinga, Aant, 1937
(författare)
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Features of the current science policy regime: Viewed in historical perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 416-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to throw into relief some of the general features in the development of the history of science policy by drawing attention to the continuation and deepening of old issues in new forms within the current science policy regime. The paper presents a typology which distinguishes different ways in which policy attempts to 'account' for public funding of science by showing how science contributes to wealth and prosperity. The paper concludes that the new forms of accounting place the focus of attention on what is 'produced' in science and that science policy itself has become dominated by the logic of globalism and new public management.
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| 7. |
- Fogelberg, Hans, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of academic and entrepreneurial roles: The case of nanotechnology research at Chalmers University of Technology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 40:1, s. 127-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes how researchers in leading roles at a Swedish research university relate to the integration of academic and entrepreneurial roles in the field of nanotechnology. In contrast to earlier studies that characterize researchers as being either ‘critical towards’ or ‘unfit for’ entrepreneurial activity, the article argues that researchers can develop a positive approach towards entrepreneurship and it discusses how this, in certain situations and in a specific research area, can lead to new innovation networks and provide important input to early development and commercialization. This is encouraging in the view of current science and innovation policy of nations, which promotes the entrepreneurial scientist and yet hesitates to give him or her adequate control over resources for innovation management processes.
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| 8. |
- Fogelberg, Hans, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Regional innovation policy and public-private partnership: The case of Triple Helix Arenas in Western Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:3, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policies for regional innovation in Sweden rely on the view that different groups of actors enter into collaboration on the basis of a mutual interest. One recent organisational expression of this view is the development of innovation policy and development organisations known as 'Arenas'. These organisations were modelled on the Triple Helix innovation theory, which is known for promoting innovation as collaboration between industry, university and policy. This paper analyses the historical development of two such Arenas, which were created by public and private actors in two Swedish cities. The study used a historical case-study approach, combined with interviews with project management and project workers, to highlight the difficulties in stabilising broad collaboration patterns. The paper concludes that diverging interests may result in unresolved tensions within Triple Helix Arenas.
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| 9. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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From particle physics to photon science : Multi-dimensional and multi-level renewal at DESY and SLAC
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 40:5, s. 591-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of institutional transformation in science have largely overlooked Big Science installations, despite far-reaching changes to the roles and functions of such large labs in the past decades. Here, we present and analyze two Big Science labs that have undergone profound transformations from single-purpose particle physics labs to multi-purpose centers for so-called photon science: SLAC in the USA and DESY in Germany. We provide brief historic accounts of the labs and an analysis of the processes of change on different levels and from different aspects informed by a theoretical framework of institutional change in science. Thus, we describe the relevance of the study of Big Science labs from the perspective of institutional change and in terms of science policy/management. We also prove the aptness of the framework used and pave the way for a detailed analysis of particular forces of change and their interrelatedness.
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| 10. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional persistence through gradual adaptation: analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 450-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems.
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