| 1. |
- Adlerz, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein by peptide nucleic acid oligomer in cultured rat primary neurons and astrocytes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 336:1, s. 55-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic cleavage products, the amyloid P peptides, have been implicated as a cause of Alzheimer's disease. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), the DNA mimics, have been shown to block the expression of specific proteins at both transcriptional and translational levels. Generally, the cellular uptake of PNA is low. However, recent studies have indicated that the effect of unmodified antisense PNA uptake is more pronounced in nervous tissue. In this study we have shown that biotinylated PNA directed to the initiator codon region of the APP mRNA (-4 - +11) was taken up into the cytoplasm of primary rat cerebellar granule cells and cortical astrocytes, using fluorescence and confocal microscopy studies. Uptake of PNA was faster in neurons than in astrocytes. Western blotting analysis showed that APP was strongly down-regulated in both neurons and astrocytes. Thus, unmodified PNA can be used for studies on the function of APP in neurons and astrocytes.
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| 2. |
- Aaltonen, Olli, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses reveal hardwired detection of native-language rule violations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 444:1, s. 56-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neural correlate of the preattentive detection of any change in the acoustic characteristics of sounds. Here we provide evidence that violations of a purely phonological constraint in a listener's native language can also elicit the brain's automatic change-detection response. The MMN differed between Finnish and Estonian listeners, conditions being equal except for the native language of the listeners. We used two experimental conditions: synthetic vowels in isolation and the same vowels embedded in a pseudo-word context. MMN responses to isolated vowels were similar for Finns and Estonians, while the same vowels in a pseudoword context elicited different MMN patterns depending on the listener's mother tongue.
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| 3. |
- Besga, A., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in brain cholesterol metabolism and insulin in two subgroups of patients with different CSF biomarkers but similar white matter lesions suggest different pathogenic mechanisms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 510:2, s. 121-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigate possible associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) with the metabolism of cholesterol and insulin in two subgroups of patients with memory complaints and different CSF A beta 42 and CSF tau levels. 59 patients from the memory clinic at Karolinska Hospital were included. Degree of WMHs was rated using the ARWMC scale and the following biomarkers were measured in CSF and plasma: insulin, cholesterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, and oxidized cholesterol metabolites. The WMHs in CSF control-like group correlated with increased brain cholesterol synthesis and reduced efflux of oxysterols and insulin in CSF. In the CSF AD-like group, the WMHs correlated with increased peripheral cholesterol metabolism. Despite having similar appearance on FLAIR images, the pathogenic mechanisms of WMHS are likely to be different in the two groups investigated.
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| 4. |
- Bruzzo, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Hand–object interaction in perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 441, s. 61-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Rewiring the brain with repeated retrieval : A parametric fMRI study of the testing effect
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 505:1, s. 36-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "testing effect" refers to the beneficial effects on memory performance from being tested, a phenomenon of potentially substantial implications in educational settings. While the effect itself is firmly established in previous research, little is known of related brain changes. Here we used fMRI and a parametric design to show that repeated successful retrieval during a memory acquisition phase leads to higher brain activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) at a subsequent test phase. The extent of ACC activity increase correlated across individuals with memory performance 5 months later. In relation to recent research that associates the ACC with memory consolidation processes, the present results suggest that the testing effect may operate at the systems level by enhancing consolidation of memory representations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forsby, A, et al.
(författare)
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Polygodial induces inositol phosphate turnover in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 217:1, s. 50-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pungent sesquiterpenoid unsaturated dialdehydes polygodial and isovelleral, have previously been shown to increase the intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, partly by a release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, whereas the non-pungent compound epipolygodial, had no effect on the [Ca2+]i. In this study, we investigated the effect of isovelleral, polygodial and epipolygodial on inositol phosphate (IP) formation on the assumption that there might be a correlation between the release of intracellular Ca2+ and pungency of the compounds. It was found that polygodial induced IP mobilization in a concentration dependent way, whereas isovelleral had no effect on the IP formation in the SH-SY5Y cells. Phosphoinositide (PPI) turnover was activated by epipolygodial, but only at concentrations 40-fold higher than for polygodial, which emphasizes the importance of the correct stereometry in the dialdehyde configuration for the biological activity of polygodial. The polygodial-induced formation of IP1 was reduced by 71% under extracellular calcium-free conditions, which suggests feedback interactions between the IP formation and the increase in [Ca2+]i to account for a periodic activation of phospholipase C(PLC).
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| 10. |
- Frick, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness alterations in social anxiety disorder
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 536, s. 52-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been associated with aberrant processing of socio-emotional stimuli and failure to adaptively regulate emotion, corroborated by functional neuroimaging studies. However, only a few studies of structural brain abnormalities in SAD have been reported, and among these only one investigated cortical thickness. In the present study we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with an automated method to measure cortical thickness in patients with SAD (n=14) and healthy controls (n=12). Results showed significantly increased thickness of the left inferior temporal cortex in SAD patients relative to controls. Within the patient group, a negative association was found between social anxiety symptom severity and thickness of the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex. The observed alterations in brain structure may help explain previous findings of dysfunctional regulation and processing of emotion in SAD.
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