| 1. |
- Asker, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports : a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.
- 2018
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 52:20, s. 312-1319
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.DESIGN: Systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.DATA SOURCES: Medline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.RESULTS: Of 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.CONCLUSIONS: All investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.PROSPERO TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42015026850.
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| 2. |
- Askling, Carl M, et al.
(author)
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Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite football : a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols.
- 2013
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 47:15, s. 953-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hamstring injury is the single most common injury in European professional football and, therefore, time to return and secondary prevention are of particular concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two rehabilitation protocols after acute hamstring injury in Swedish elite football players by evaluating time needed to return to full participation in football team-training and availability for match selection.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomised comparison of two rehabilitation protocols.METHODS: Seventy-five football players with an acute hamstring injury, verified by MRI, were randomly assigned to one of two rehabilitation protocols. Thirty-seven players were assigned to a protocol emphasising lengthening exercises, L-protocol and 38 players to a protocol consisting of conventional exercises, C-protocol. The outcome measure was the number of days to return to full-team training and availability for match selection. Reinjuries were registered during a period of 12 months after return.RESULTS: Time to return was significantly shorter for the players in the L-protocol, mean 28 days (1SD±15, range 8-58 days), compared with the C-protocol, mean 51 days (1SD±21, range 12-94 days). Irrespective of protocol, stretching-type of hamstring injury took significantly longer time to return than sprinting-type, L-protocol: mean 43 vs 23 days and C-protocol: mean 74 vs 41 days, respectively. The L-protocol was significantly more effective than the C-protocol in both injury types. One reinjury was registered, in the C-protocol.CONCLUSIONS: A rehabilitation protocol emphasising lengthening type of exercises is more effective than a protocol containing conventional exercises in promoting time to return in Swedish elite football.
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| 3. |
- Askling, Carl M, et al.
(author)
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Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers : a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols.
- 2014
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 48:7, s. 532-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hamstring strain is a common injury in sprinters and jumpers, and therefore time to return to sport and secondary prevention become of particular concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two rehabilitation protocols after acute hamstring injury in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers by evaluating time needed to return to full participation in the training process.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomised comparison of two rehabilitation protocols.METHODS: Fifty-six Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers with acute hamstring injury, verified by MRI, were randomly assigned to one of two rehabilitation protocols. Twenty-eight athletes were assigned to a protocol emphasising lengthening exercises, L-protocol, and 28 athletes to a protocol consisting of conventional exercises, C-protocol. The outcome measure was the number of days to return to full training. Re-injuries were registered during a period of 12 months after return.RESULTS: Time to return was significantly shorter for the athletes in the L-protocol, mean 49 days (1SD±26, range 18-107 days), compared with the C-protocol, mean 86 days (1SD±34, range 26-140 days). Irrespective of protocol, hamstring injuries where the proximal free tendon was involved took a significantly longer time to return than injuries that did not involve the free tendon, L-protocol: mean 73 vs 31 days and C-protocol: mean 116 vs 63 days, respectively. Two reinjuries were registered, both in the C-protocol.CONCLUSIONS: A rehabilitation protocol emphasising lengthening type of exercises is more effective than a protocol containing conventional exercises in promoting time to return in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers.
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| 4. |
- Askling, Carl Magnus, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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High-speed running type or stretching-type of hamstring injuries makes a difference to treatment and prognosis
- 2012
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 46:2, s. 86-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article focuses on the two distinct types of hamstring muscle strains, highlighting the applicable rehabilitation approaches. It notes that acute hamstring strains are distinguished by the injury situations, namely the high-speed running type, and the stretching type, with the former requiring shorter rehabilitation period than the latter. It cites a comparative study of two rehabilitation protocols, pointing out that rehabilitation is shorter with lengthening exercises.
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| 6. |
- Bolam, Kate, et al.
(author)
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Association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in 57 652 Swedish men.
- 2024
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 58:7, s. 366-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood and prostate cancer incidence and mortality.METHODS: In this prospective study, men who completed an occupational health profile assessment including at least two valid submaximal CRF tests, performed on a cycle ergometer, were included in the study. Data on prostate cancer incidence and mortality were derived from national registers. HRs and CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression with inverse probability treatment weights of time-varying covariates.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 6.7 years (SD 4.9), 592 (1%) of the 57 652 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 46 (0.08%) died with prostate cancer as the primary cause of death. An increase in absolute CRF (as % of L/min) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer incidence (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) but not mortality, in the fully adjusted model. When participants were grouped as having increased (+3%), stable (±3%) or decreased (-3%) CRF, those with increased fitness also had a reduced risk of prostate cancer incidence compared with those with decreased fitness (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86), in the fully adjusted model.CONCLUSION: In this study of employed Swedish men, change in CRF was inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer incidence, but not mortality. Change in CRF appears to be important for reducing the risk of prostate cancer.
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