| 1. |
- Cedernaes, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 74, s. 258-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following binding to cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids regulate a variety of central nervous system processes including appetite and mood. Recent evidence suggests that the systemic release of these lipid metabolites can be altered by acute exercise and that their levels also vary across the 24-h sleep-wake cycle. The present study utilized a within-subject design (involving 16 normal-weight men) to determine whether daytime circulating endocannabinoid concentrations differ following three nights of partial sleep deprivation (4.25-h sleep opportunity, 2:45–7a.m. each night) vs. normal sleep (8.5-h sleep opportunity, 10:30p.m.–7a.m. each night), before and after an acute bout of ergometer cycling in the morning. In addition, subjective hunger and stress were measured. Pre-exercise plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) were 80% higher 1.5h after awakening (vs. normal sleep, p<0.05) when participants were sleep-deprived. This coincided with increased hunger ratings (+25% vs. normal sleep, p<0.05). Moreover, plasma 2AG was elevated 15min post-exercise (+44%, p<0.05). Sleep duration did not however modulate this exercise-induced rise. Finally, subjective stress was generally lower on the day after three nights of short sleep vs. normal sleep, especially after exercise (p<0.05). Given that activation of the endocannabinoid system has been previously shown to acutely increase appetite and mood, our results could suggest that behavioral effects of acute sleep loss, such as increased hunger and transiently improved psychological state, may partially result from activation of this signaling pathway. In contrast, more pronounced exercise-induced elevations of endocannabinoids appear to be less affected by short sleep duration. © 2016 The Author(s)
|
|
| 2. |
- Herzog, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective slow wave sleep but not rapid eye movement sleep suppression impairs morning glucose tolerance in healthy men
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 38:10, s. 2075-2082
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shortened nocturnal sleep impairs morning glucose tolerance. The underlying mechanism of this effect is supposed to involve a reduced fraction of slow wave sleep (SWS). However, it remains unanswered if impaired glucose tolerance occurs due to specific SWS reduction or a general disturbance of sleep. Sixteen healthy men participated in three experimental conditions in a crossover design: SWS suppression, rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep disturbance, and regular sleep. Selective sleep stage disturbance was performed by means of an acoustic tone (532 Hz) with gradually rising sound intensity. Blood concentrations of glucoregulatory parameters were measured upon an oral glucose tolerance test the next morning. Our data show that morning plasma glucose and serum insulin responses were significantly increased after selective SWS suppression. Moreover, SWS suppression reduced postprandial insulin sensitivity up to 20%, as determined by Matsuda Index. Contrastingly, disturbed REM-sleep did not affect glucose homeostasis. We conclude that specifically SWS reduction is critically involved in the impairment of glucose tolerance associated with disturbed sleep. Therefore, glucose metabolism in subjects predisposed to reduced SWS (e.g. depression, aging, obstructive sleep apnea, pharmacological treatment) should be thoroughly monitored.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hogenkamp, Pleunie S, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute sleep deprivation increases portion size and affects food choice in young men.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 38:9, s. 1668-1674
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute sleep loss increases food intake in adults. However, little is known about the influence of acute sleep loss on portion size choice, and whether this depends on both hunger state and the type of food (snack or meal item) offered to an individual. The aim of the current study was to compare portion size choice after a night of sleep and a period of nocturnal wakefulness (a condition experienced by night-shift workers, e.g. physicians and nurses). Sixteen men (age: 23±0.9 years, BMI: 23.6±0.6kg/m(2)) participated in a randomized within-subject design with two conditions, 8-h of sleep and total sleep deprivation (TSD). In the morning following sleep interventions, portion size, comprising meal and snack items, was measured using a computer-based task, in both fasted and sated state. In addition, hunger as well as plasma levels of ghrelin were measured. In the morning after TSD, subjects had increased plasma ghrelin levels (13%, p=0.04), and chose larger portions (14%, p=0.02), irrespective of the type of food, as compared to the sleep condition. Self-reported hunger was also enhanced (p<0.01). Following breakfast, sleep-deprived subjects chose larger portions of snacks (16%, p=0.02), whereas the selection of meal items did not differ between the sleep interventions (6%, p=0.13). Our results suggest that overeating in the morning after sleep loss is driven by both homeostatic and hedonic factors. Further, they show that portion size choice after sleep loss depend on both an individual's hunger status, and the type of food offered.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tan, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of association between self-reported insomnia symptoms and clamp-derived insulin sensitivity in elderly men
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 102, s. 256-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insomnia-related sleep disruptions, such as short and disturbed sleep, have been tied to systemic insulin resistance in young adult populations. We therefore sought to confirm these findings in a cohort of elderly men. To this aim, we utilized variables from 980 men who participated in the investigation at age 70 of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Self-reported insomnia symptoms were assessed by questions about difficulty initiating sleep, early final awakening, and regular use of hypnotics. All participants also underwent the gold standard hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique to assess the insulin sensitivity index (M/I). Finally, fasting blood was collected to measure free fatty acids (FFAs) and adiponectin. Differences in blood parameters between men with and those without insomnia were determined by ANCOVA, and were adjusted for lifestyle and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Our analysis yielded no differences in M/I, FFAs, and adiponectin between men with and those without insomnia symptoms. Analyses in non-diabetic and diabetic subsamples confirmed these negative findings. Our cross-sectional results therefore suggest that insomnia symptoms may have a minimal effect, if any, on measures of insulin sensitivity in elderly men. Given the observational design of our study, future studies are needed to determine whether experimental sleep manipulations influence systemic insulin sensitivity in elderly humans, as has previously been shown in young adult populations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Titova, Olga E, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between sleep duration and executive function differs between diabetic and non-diabetic middle-aged and older adults
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Executive function is defined as a set of cognitive skills that are necessary to plan, monitor, and execute a sequence of goal-directed complex actions. Executive function is influenced by a variety of factors, including habitual sleep duration and diabetes. In the present study, we investigated in 18,769 Swedish adults (mean age: 61 y) the association between executive function, diabetes, and self-reported sleep duration. We observed a significant interaction between diabetes and sleep duration for the Trail Making Test (TMT) ratio (P < 0.01). This ratio is a measure of executive function where higher values indicate worse performance. Among diabetic participants (n = 1,523), long (defined as ≥9 h per day) vs. normal sleep duration (defined as 7–8 hours per day) was associated with a higher TMT ratio (P < 0.05). Similar significant results were observed in diabetic individuals without pharmacological treatment for diabetes (n = 1,062). Among non-diabetic participants (n = 17,246), no association between long sleep duration and the TMT ratio was observed (P > 0.05). Instead, short (defined as <7 h per day) vs. normal sleep duration was linked to a higher TMT ratio (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the association between sleep duration and executive function differs between diabetic and non-diabetic middle-aged and older adults. Based on the cross-sectional design of the study, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the causality of the relations.
|
|
