| 1. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Age-related gender differences of relevance for health in Swedish adolescents
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - 0334-0139. ; 19:4, s. 447-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare different areas of adolescent behaviors and self-perceived health with the aim of identify'ing age and gender differences to facilitate planning of public health preventive measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey in ten Swedish schools covering all students between 13 and 18 years of age. A validated instrument, Q90, created for use in teenagers, was distributed in the classrooms to 3,216 teenagers. RESULTS: In all age groups, girls had significantly more problems regarding self-perceived health, i.e., general health, abdominal pain, headache, feeling depressed, and suicidal thoughts, than boys. Ingirls, proportion feelingdepressed increased from 28% inthe youngest group (11% in boys) to 51% in the oldest (20% in boys). Similar results were found for all health-related problems. Significant differences were found between both gender and age groups in experiences of being bullied. A significantly higher frequency of boys than girls admitted to committing vandalism (35% vs. 11% in the oldest age group). The frequency of girls feeling overweight increased moderately with age, from 35% at age 13 y to 50% at age 18 y. The proportion of boys feeling underweight increased more distinctly, from 8% at age 13 y to 29% at age 18 y. Tobacco use and alcohol habits were similar in gender comparisons. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates areas of normative development from early to late adolescence. The striking differences in health perception between girls and boys must be stressed. The results might form a basis for teachers, school health workers, and other health authorities working with adolescents.
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| 2. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral and other characteristics of relevance for health in adolescents with self-perceived sleeping problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of adolescent medicine and health. - 0334-0139. ; 20:3, s. 353-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the associations between self-perceived sleeping problems and wide areas of adolescent life. METHODS: All eligible adolescents 13-18 years old (3216 pupils) in a medium-sized town in Sweden completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90), with 165 questions. RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty-two (29.3%) adolescents (36.3% among girls; 21.9% among boys) reported having poor sleep, combined with daytime tiredness in the vast majority. Significant independent associations in specific age and gender groups were found for 'feeling depressed', breakfast habits, 'I do well in school' (inverse), physical training (inverse), no adult to talk to, having bullied someone, shop-lifting, physical fighting, not feeling healthy, abdominal pain, headache, tobacco use, and sexual experience. CONCLUSIONS: Many of these adolescents feel very poorly, as is evident from the magnitude of the problems. Poor sleepers form an easily recognized group, but it seems unlikely that therapy for sleeping problems alone would be successful in a large proportion of these adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, Lars I, et al.
(författare)
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Health, health-compromising behavior, risk-taking behavior and sexuality in female and male high school students in vocational compared with theoretical programs in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139. ; 19:4, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to determine whether adolescents attending vocational high school programs in Sweden show unhealthy or risky behaviors to a higher extent than those attending theoretical programs, and whether there were gender differences. METHODS: All eligible adolescents 16-18 years old, after exclusion of first- and second-generation immigrants, attending high school (1,332 pupils) in a medium-sized town in Sweden completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90) with 165 questions in the classroom. In comparisons, adjustments were made for socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: A significant difference was found for the variable having at least one parent with university education (odds ratio (OR 0.28) for those attending vocational programs). In girls: have bullied (OR 2.01), eat breakfast all school days (OR 0.31), have shoplifted (OR 3.46), smoking (OR 5.69), and have had more than five sexual partners (OR 4.74) all differed significantly. Some variables with significant differences in boys were; eat fruit or vegetables every day (OR 0.55), feeling depressed (OR 0.62), sports activity at least once a week (OR 0.56), vandalizing (OR 2.11), regular alcohol use (OR 1.44), and contraceptive use at latest sexual intercourse (OR 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that preventive interventional strategies, aimed at improving health maintenance among adolescents should take into consideration the differences between students in vocational and theoretical programs, including the cluster and accumulation of health-risk behaviors.
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Lars I., et al.
(författare)
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Sexually abused children. Characterization of these girls when adolscents
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 22:2, s. 291-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study associations between sexual abuse of girls in childhood and variables affecting life in adolescence. METHODS: Anonymously, in the class room, all eligible female adolescents 13-18 years old (n = 1,428) in a medium-sized town completed a validated in-depth questionnaire (Q90) with 165 questions. A history of sexual offense was reported by 119 cases (8.3%, mean age 16.0 years). The remaining 1,309 girls (mean age 15.6 years) served as a comparison group. RESULTS: Questions included body perception, health, including psychosomatic symptoms, depression, suicidal thoughts, psychiatric medication, general questions about present life, peer relations, smoking, alcohol use, delinquent behaviors, and sexual behaviors. In most areas, adolescents with a history of sexual offense responded unfavorably compared with the comparison groups. Some examples were that despite a similar body mass index, 47% of the cases felt overweight as against 31% of the remaining adolescents (p = .0001). Among the sexually abused adolescents, self-perceived depression was more common (60% vs. 37%, p = .0001), as was psychiatric medication (10% vs. 2%, p = .0003). Loneliness was reported by 23% of the cases versus 13% (p = .005). Smoking, alcohol use, and minor criminality showed similar results. Sexual risk behaviors, i.e. multiple sexual partners, unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections did not differ between the two groups of girls. CONCLUSION: Many adolescents with a history of childhood sexual offense feel unhappy, as is evident from the magnitude of the problems. This includes many aspects of adolescent life. It seems likely that the problems are at least partially related to sexual abuse in childhood.
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| 5. |
- Laflamme, L, et al.
(författare)
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Peer victimization and intentional injuries : quantitative and qualitative accounts of injurious physical interactions between students
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 20:2, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that peer victimization engenders physical injuries both indirectly (i.e. as a trigger of injurious events) and directly (i.e. through intentional physical harm). How those injuries occur has not been much researched. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the various circumstances in which injuries are sustained by young teenagers when physically interacting with other students, and to characterize more specifically the context surrounding those injuries sustained resulting from violent actions. METHOD: Data were extracted from information already available from structured interviews conducted during two consecutive school years with children aged 10-15 years who had been hospitalized due to injury and who were residing in Stockholm County (Sweden) (n = 634). The current study considers those injuries resulting from physical interactions between students and pays attention to the gender and age distribution of the victims. The free text descriptions of the "interaction" injuries resulting from violent actions were re-read and examined by means of content analysis. RESULTS: Of the injuries reported, 23.5% resulted from physical interactions between students. The most frequent context of their occurrence was sports and play. Other injuries resulted either from assaults where the victim was in a clear imbalance of power (n = 24) or from violent incidents in which the victim was not powerless (n = 27). The two latter situations were much more common among boys. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization has an impact on children's safety both within and outside the school arena. Students are injured by their peers not only from deliberate violence targeting them but also from violent physical interactions in which they play an active role. These injurious events have a clear gender and age component.
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| 6. |
- Laflamme, Lucie, et al.
(författare)
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Peer victimization during early adolescence : an injury trigger, an injury mechanism and a frequent exposure in school.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 15:3, s. 267-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNLABELLED: There is a documented effect of peer victimization in school as an injury trigger, but the question of differences between children according to age and sex remains unexplored. Nor do we know the role played by school peer victimization as a direct injury mechanism. OBJECTIVE: The study considered age and sex differences with regard to peer victimization's triggering effect on physical injury, its direct relation to injury (i.e. physical violence), and its age- and gender-specific frequency and manner of occurrence. METHOD: Data were gathered through structured interviews with children aged 10-15 years, residing in Stockholm County in Sweden during two consecutive school years, and who had been hospitalized due to injury (n = 592). RESULTS: Peer victimization operated on injury risk-both indirectly as a trigger of injurious events (most of which are unintentional), and directly as a causal mechanism in relation to intentional physical harm. Further, intentionally injured children frequently knew their offender(s)--often from school--and, in those instances, had been previously victimized by them. There is a quantitative and a qualitative difference in the manner in which occasional and frequent victims are victimized by their peers. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization impacts on children's safety and is a common element in the school background of many children. Differences between occasional and frequent victims in forms and consequences of victimization are more remarkable than those based on sex and age of the child, with the exception of victimization as a direct cause of injury.
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| 7. |
- Lagerberg, Dagmar, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Child health and maternal stress : does neighbourhood status matter?
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 23:1, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to explore neighbourhood-level differences in health behaviour, maternal stress and sense of coherence, birth weight, child health and behaviour, and children's television watching habits. In total, 2006 pairs of Swedish mothers and children, aged approximately 20 months, from the general population participated in the study. A total of 1923 lived in neighbourhoods of average socioeconomic status in six counties, and 83 in a high-status neighbourhood in one of the counties. Data were collected in 2002-2003 and 2004-2005 through the Child Health Services. Socio-demographic confounders were adjusted for in multiple logistic regressions (maternal age, country of birth, education, marital status and parity). Compared with their counterparts in average neighbourhoods, mothers in the high-status neighbourhood were less frequently smokers and had been breastfeeding their children more. They felt less stress from social isolation and had a higher sense of coherence. All these differences except lower social isolation were non-significant after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Privileged mothers felt more restricted by their parenting tasks (unadjusted comparison), and more privileged children were frequent television watchers. Child birth weight, health and behaviour were no better in the privileged than in average neighbourhoods. This paper adds to previous knowledge by showing that status-based geographic differences in important parenting and health parameters can be non-significant in an equitable society such as Sweden, where all families with young children have access to free high-quality health services. Individual characteristics could provide better explanations than neighbourhood status.
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| 8. |
- Lagerberg, Dagmar, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Drawing the line in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) : a vital decision
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 23:1, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely used in early child health care. This study examined the appropriateness of the recommended EPDS cut-off score 11/12. METHODS: Two main analyses were performed: 1. Associations between EPDS scores and maternal health behaviour, stress, life events, perceived mother-child interaction quality and child behaviour. 2. Screening parameters of the EPDS, i.e., sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. EPDS scores were available for 438 mothers and maternal questionnaires for 361 mothers. RESULTS: Already in the EPDS score intervals 6-8 and 9-11, there were notable adversities, according to maternal questionnaires, in stress, perceived quality of mother-child interaction, perceived child difficultness and child problem behaviours. Using maternal questionnaire reports about sadness/distress postpartum as standard, the recommended EPDS cut-off score 11/12 resulted in a very low sensitivity (24%). The cutoff score 6/7 yielded a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 82% and a positive predictive value of 61%. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of both clinical relevance and screening qualities, an EPDS cut-off score lower than 11/12 seems recommendable.
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| 9. |
- Randell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Pride, shame and health among adolescents – a cross-sectional survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 30:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPride and shame are important emotions known to influence identity development and psychological well-being in adolescence. Research evidence indicates that self-rated health (SRH) is a strong predictor of future health. This cross-sectional study, conducted during 2008–2009, aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and SRH among adolescent boys and girls.MethodsThe study sample comprised 705 adolescents in Sweden aged 17–18 years (318 boys and 387 girls) who completed a questionnaire that included items on SRH, shame and pride (participation rate 67%). Logistic regression analyses (univariable and multivariable) were used to investigate the associations between pride and shame as separate and combined constructs on SRH, adjusting for potential confounders (country of birth, parental educational level, school experience, having enough friends, mood in family and being active in associations).ResultsPride and shame separately were significantly associated with SRH in both genders. Logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model showed that the odds of having lower SRH were highest in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model the odds of having lower SRH remained significant in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame [boys: odds ratio (OR) 3.51, confidence interval (CI) 1.40–8.81; girls: OR 2.70, CI 1.22–5.96] and in girls with lower pride-lower shame (OR 2.16, CI 1.02–4.56).ConclusionThe emotions of shame and pride are associated with SRH in adolescence. Experiencing pride seems to serve as a protective mechanism in SRH in adolescents exposed to shame. We believe that this knowledge should be useful in adolescent health promotion.
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